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1、語法突破篇,第三節(jié)　形容詞和副詞,,【,命題分析,】,,形容詞和副詞是近幾年高考考查的重點。高考除了考查基本用法外，也會考查多個形容詞修飾名詞時的排列順序、形容詞和副詞的比較級、倍數(shù)表達法以及一些特殊結構表示的意義。,【,名師精講,】,,一、形容詞和副詞比較級的用法,,1,．表示倍數(shù)的三種句型,,(1),．,..times as,＋原級＋,as...,如：,,He can run three times as fast as John.,,他跑得有約翰的三倍快。,,(2),．,..times the size/length/width/height etc.,＋,of...,如：,,This

2、table is three times the size of that one.,,這張桌子是那張的三倍。,,(3),．,..times,＋比較級＋,than...,如：,,This table is three times bigger than that one.,,這張桌子比那張大三倍。另請注意下面這兩種表達：,,The output of cars in 2003 is 6 times that of 2000.,,The output of cars in 2003 is 6 times what it was in 2000.,2,．同等程度的比較,,用,as...,as,，,

3、the same...as...,，,such...as,引導　如：,,He is a worker as good as Peter.(,＝,He is as good a worker as Peter.),,他和彼得一樣是個好工人。,,Linda is the same height as Jenny.,琳達和詹妮一樣高。,,Henry is such a good student as Peter.,,亨利和彼得一樣是個好學生。,,3,．與比較級有關的結構及運用比較級的注意事項,,(1),“,比較級＋,than,”,表達一方超過或低于另一方的情況　如：,,You look much y

4、ounger than I do.,,你看上去比我年輕多了。,,She doesn’t work harder than,you(do,),．,,她工作不如你努力。,,(2),“,比較級＋,and,＋比較級,”,意為,“,越來越,……”,如：,,As summer is coming,，,the day is becoming longer and longer.,,隨著夏天的臨近，白天變得越來越長。,,(3),“,the,＋比較級,……,，,the,＋比較級,……”,意為,“,越,……,就越,……”,如：,,The more careful you are,，,the fewer mista

5、kes you’ll make.,,你越仔細，犯的錯誤就越少。,,,(4),“,the,＋比較級＋,of the two,＋名詞,”,表示,“,兩者中較,……,的那個,”,如：,,The taller of the two boys is my brother.,,那兩個男孩中高點的是我弟弟。,,(5),使用比較級應注意的問題,,①,比較的范圍,,如果比較的范圍不一樣，表達方式也應不同。如：,,China is larger than,any other country in Asia,.(,包含在比較的范圍內(nèi),),中國比亞洲其他任何國家都大。,,China is larger than,an

6、y country in Africa,.(,不包含在比較的范圍內(nèi),),中國比非洲任何國家都大。,,②,比較的對象要一致,,相同的對象可以比較，不同的對象不能進行比較。如：,,The population of China is larger than,that,of any other country in the world.(,人口與人口相比，要用代詞,that),中國的人口比世界上其他國家的多。,③,注意比較結構中的省略現(xiàn)象,,由于日常交際的需要，在彼此都明白的情況下，比較對象往往省略　如：,,—What do you think of the film?,,——,你覺得這部電影怎么樣

7、？,,—I have never seen a better one.(,后邊省略了,than this film),,——,我從未看過比這部更好的電影。,,,Tom’s composition,，,if not better(,后邊省略了,than Jack’s),，,is at least as good as Jack’s.,,湯姆的作文，如果不比杰克的好，也至少和他的作文一樣好。,二、形容詞、副詞最高級的用法,,1,．,most,前如沒有定冠詞,the,，就沒有比較的意思，只是用來加強語氣，有,“,很，非常,”,之意。如：,,This is a most interesting sto

8、ry.,這是一個很有趣的故事。,,2,．最高級可被序數(shù)詞以及,much,，,by far,，,nearly,，,almost,，,by no means,，,not quite,，,not really,，,nothing like,等詞語所修飾。如：,,Of all the students,，,Jack’s oral English is almost the best.,,在所有的學生中，杰克的英語口語幾乎是最好的。,,3,．否定詞＋比較級＝最高級。如：,,He has never spent a more worrying day.,,他過了最擔心的一天。,,—Shall I give

9、 you a ride as you live so far away?,,——,你住的離這兒那么遠，你搭我的車吧？,,—Thank,you.It,couldn’t be better.,,——,謝謝，那再好不過了。,三、形容詞、副詞的特殊用法,,1,．多個形容詞同時修飾一個名詞作定語的排列順序,,記憶口角：,,(1),限定,(,詞,),，描述,(,性形容詞,),，度量，形,(,狀,),。,,新舊，顏色，地,(,域,),，材,(,料,),，用,(,途,),。,,(2),描述性形容詞有：,beautiful,，,easy,，,difficult,，,hard,，,ugly,，,interesti

10、ng,，,strange,等。如：,,a beautiful small round new red glass ball,,一個漂亮的圓形紅色新的小玻璃球,,this red Chinese cotton sweater,,這件紅色的中國產(chǎn)的棉運動衣,(3),幾個限定詞同時出現(xiàn)前后搭配關系見下表：,前位限定詞,中位限定詞,后位限定詞,all,，,both,，,half,冠詞：,the,，,a(an,),基數(shù)詞：,one,，,two,，,etc.,double,，,twice,，,etc.,指示代詞：,this,，,these,，,that,，,those etc.,序數(shù)詞：,first,，,

11、second,，,etc.,onethird,，,etc.,物主代詞：,my,，,your,，,etc.,廣義序數(shù)詞：,next,，,last,，,other,，,etc.,what,，,such,，,etc.,數(shù)量詞：,some,，,any,，,no,，,,every,，,each,，,either,，,,neither,，,enough,，,much,數(shù)量詞：,many,，,few,，,little,，,,several,，,more,，,,less,，,etc.,,wh,,類限定詞：,what(ever,),，,which(ever,),，,who(ever,),，,,whose,,

12、如：,,all the four teacher,所有那四位老師,,half his lectures,他的一半的演講,,all these last few days,所有最后這幾天,,all other students,其余的所有學生,,all your three books,你所有的三本書,,several hundred guests,幾百個客人,,前位限定詞之間和中位限定詞之間是互相排斥的，即一個名詞中心詞之前不可并用兩個前位限定詞或兩個中位限定詞。如：,“,我的那本書,”,不能說,my that book,而說,that book of mine,。但后位限定詞不受此限制。如：

13、,,those last few months,，,his last two books,，,the first two chapters,，,three other girls,，,the next few weeks,，,many more books,，,another twenty tons,,such,既屬于前位限定詞，又屬于后位限定詞，即：,such,用于,a,，,an,之前，用于,some,，,any,，,no,，,all,，,few,，,another,，,other,，,many,，,one,，,two,等詞之后。如：,,such a book,,one such book,

14、,some such books,,2,．形容詞作狀語,,形容詞作狀語表示伴隨或說明主語所處的狀態(tài)，并不表達動作的方式。如：,,He went to bed,，,cold and hungry.,他又冷又餓地去睡覺了。,,He lay in bed,，,wide awake.,他醒著躺在床上。,3,．,can not/never,與,enough,或,too,連用表示,“,無論怎樣都不過分；越,……,越好,”,。如：,,You can not be careful enough/too careful to study.,,在學習方面，你再細心也不過分。,,—Mary,，,look,，,wha

15、t did I find?,,——,瑪麗，你看，我找到什么了？,,—Oh,，,my lost key,？,I can’t thank you too much.(,＝,I can’t thank you much enough.),,——,噢，我丟失的鑰匙？太感謝你了。,1,．,(2012·,大綱全國高考,Ⅱ,)Next to biology,，,I like physics______.,,A,．,better,,B,．,best,,C,．,the better D,．,very well,,解析：,句意：除了生物，我最喜歡物理。學生在校學習的科目很多，在多個事物之中表達,“,最喜歡,

16、”,，應該用最高級。本題中的前半部分有很強的迷惑性，其中“,next to”,在此意為,“,居于,……,之后,”,。很容易使人誤以為是,biology,和,physics,兩者相比較而誤選,A,項。,,答案：,B,,2,．,(2012·,安徽高考,)Interest is,as______to,learning as the ability to understand,，,even more so.,,A,．,vital B,．,available,,C,．,specific D,．,similar,解析：,句意：興趣對于學習來說，如同理解能力一樣重要，甚至更重要。四個形容詞均可用于

17、,“,be,＋,adj,.,＋,to,”,的結構中。,be vital to,意為,“,對,……,(,非常,),重要,”,；,be available to,意為,“,可利用，可獲得,”,；,be specific to,意為,“,對,……,有特殊的意義,”,；,be similar to,意為,“,與,……,相似,”,。本題解題的關鍵是理順句子結構，明白句意。題干中含有,as...,as,...,結構，是就興趣和理解能力對于學習的重要性進行比較。故選,A,項。,,答案：,A,,3,．,(2012·,湖北高考,)Whether the buildings in this area should

18、 be pulled down has remained______,；,people are still looking for other possible solutions.,,A,．,unchallenged B,．,relevant,,C,．,controversial D,．,contradictory,解析：,首先了解這四個選項的漢語意思。,A,項,unchallenged,表示,“,未受到挑戰(zhàn)的；未引起質(zhì)疑的,”,；,B,項,relevant,表示,“,相關的,”,；,C,項,controversial,表示,“,有爭議的,”,；,D,項,contradictory,表示

19、,“,相互矛盾的,”,。題中的關鍵信息為,still looking for other possible solutions,，既然還在尋找其他可能的解決辦法，就說明這件事情意見不統(tǒng)一，有爭議，所以選,C,項。句意：這個地區(qū)的大樓是否應該拆掉還存在爭議，人們?nèi)匀辉趯ふ移渌赡艿慕鉀Q辦法。,,答案：,C,4,．,(2012·,新課標全國高考,)The result is not very important to us,，,but if we do win,，,then so much______.,,A,．,the best B,．,best,,C,．,better D,．,the be

20、tter,,解析：,so much the better,常常和,if,條件句連用，意為,“,如果,……,那就更好了,”,，其反義詞組是,so much the worse,“,那就更糟糕了,”,。句意：結果對我們來說并不非常重要，但是如果我們真的能贏，那就更好了。,,答案：,D,5,．,(2012·,北京高考,)Many people have donated that type of blood,；,however,，,the blood bank needs______.,,A,．,some B,．,less,,C,．,much D,．,more,,解析：,首先了解四個選項的意思。,

21、some,“,一些,”,；,less,“,更少,”,；,much,“,許多,”,；,more,“,更多,”,。句意：許多人已獻出那種血型的血了，但是，血庫需要更多。由,have donated,和,however,可知，此處填,more,。,,答案：,D,,,6,．,(2012·,天津高考,)The secretary arranged,a(n)______time,and place for the applicants to have an interview.,,A,．,important B,．,spare,,C,．,public D,．,convenient,,解析：,本題四個選

22、項都為常見形容詞。,A,項,important,意為,“,重要的,”,；,B,項,spare,意為,“,閑暇的,”,；,C,項,public,意為,“,公眾的,”,；,D,項,convenient,意為,“,方便的,”,。根據(jù)本題句意,“,這位秘書為參加面試的所有應聘者安排好了方便的時間和地點,”,同時聯(lián)系生活實際可推知，秘書的工作職責之一應該是做一些能夠提供便利的事情。故答案為,D,項。,,答案：,D,7,．,(2012·,浙江高考,)The research,lacks______evidence,，,and therefore,，,its conclusions are doubtful

23、.,,A,．,solid B,．,fierce,,C,．,severe D,．,potential,,解析：,題干的意思是：,“,這項研究缺少可靠的證據(jù)，因此，它的結論值得懷疑。,”,A,選項表示,“,可靠的，牢固的,”,；,B,選項表示,“,兇猛的,”,；,C,選項表示,“,嚴厲的，嚴峻的,”,；,D,選項表示,“,潛在的,”,。,,答案：,A,,8,．,(2012·,安徽高考,)Queen Elizabeth,Ⅱ,is often thought to be the richest woman in the world.______,，,her personal wealth s

24、eems rather small.,,A,．,Besides B,．,Otherwise,,C,．,However D,．,Altogether,解析：,besides,表示,“,除,……,之外還有,”,；,otherwise,表示相反情況，意為,“,否則,”,；,however,表示轉(zhuǎn)折；,altogether,表示,“,總共,”,。句意：女王伊麗莎白二世常被認為是世界上最富有的女人，然而，她的個人財富好像很少。由題意可知前后兩句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關系，故選,C,項。本題易錯選,B,項。,otherwise,表示的是如果某一條件不成熟，就會出現(xiàn)相反的結果，而這里前后兩句并非條件與結果的關系，而

25、是純粹的轉(zhuǎn)折關系。,,答案：,C,,9,．,(2012·,湖北高考,),“,Perhaps we need to send for,Dr.Smith,to see what we can do about it,，,”,Father,suggested______to,his neighbor who had come to discuss the problem.,,A,．,tentatively B,．,thoughtlessly,,C,．,definitely D,．,rudely,解析：,首先了解這四個選項的漢語意思。,A,項,tentatively,表示,“,試探性地,”

26、,；,B,項,thoughtlessly,表示,“,大意地；粗心地；自私地,”,；,C,項,definitely,表示,“,明確地；確定地,”,；,D,項,rudely,表示,“,粗魯?shù)?”,。由題中的關鍵信息詞,perhaps(,表示語氣較委婉,),和,suggested,可知此處選,A,項。句意：,“,也許我們應該派人去請史密斯博士來看看我們該怎么辦。,”,父親試探著向來討論這個問題的鄰居建議。,,答案：,A,10,．,(2012·,福建高考,)Anyone,，,whether he is an official or a bus driver,，,should,be______respe

27、cted,.,,A,．,especially B,．,equally,,C,．,naturally D,．,normally,,解析：,A,項為,“,尤其，特別,”,；,B,項為,“,平等地，同樣地,”,；,C,項為,“,自然地,”,；,D,項為,“,正常地,”,。由題干句意,“,任何人，不管他是一名官員還是一名公共汽車司機，都應該受到同樣的尊敬,”,可準確選擇答案為,B,項。,,答案：,B,11,．,(2012·,湖南高考,)Bicycling is good exercise,；,______,，,it does not pollute the air.,,A,．,neverthele

28、ss B,．,besides,,C,．,otherwise D,．,therefore,,解析：,句意：騎自行車是好運動；此外，它也不會污染大氣。,A,項表示,“,盡管如此,”,，前后語意應為轉(zhuǎn)折關系；,B,項表示,“,此外,”,，表示語意上的遞進；,C,項表示,“,否則的話,”,，表示前后語意的轉(zhuǎn)折；,D,項表示,“,因此,”,，表示前后語意為因果關系。,good exercise,與,does not pollute the air,為遞進關系，所以選,B,項。,,答案：,B,,12,．,(2012·,遼寧高考,)We used to see each other______,，,

29、but I haven’t heard from him since last year.,,A,．,especially B,．,regularly,,C,．,particularly D,．,approximately,解析：,四個選項中，,especially,特別地；專門地；,regularly,經(jīng)常，定期地，表示頻率；,particularly,特別；尤其；,approximately,近似地；大約。本題的關鍵信息是,but,，,haven’t heard from,，,since last year,，這說明,“,我們,”,過去是經(jīng)常見面的。句意：我們過去時常見面，但是自從

30、去年以來我們就失去了彼此的音訊。對詞語辨析類試題的考查多是依托情景。因此除了熟記詞匯含義外，分析語言環(huán)境也是解決問題的關鍵。,,答案：,B,,13,．,(2012·,四川高考,)I make $2,000 a week.60 surely won’t,make______difference,to me.,,A,．,that a big B,．,a that big,,C,．,big a that D,．,that big a,,解析：,句意：我一個星期賺,2 000,美元。,60,美元對我而言沒什么大的影響。,that,的用法與,so,的用法一樣，與形容詞一起修飾名詞時的結構為,“,th

31、at,＋,adj,.,＋,a(n,),＋,n,.,”,。,,答案：,D,14,．,The boy is excited about the coming music festival and he enjoys pop music______.,,A,．,less B,．,little,,C,．,most D,．,more,,解析：,句意：這個男孩兒對即將到來的音樂節(jié)感到興奮不已，他最喜歡流行音樂了。本題考查副詞比較等級。根據(jù)句意，可知此處應用最高級。,,答案：,C,15,．,(2013·,江西盟校聯(lián)考,)Mary is very clever,and______worth,tea

32、ching,，,but her brother is,not.Look,，,he is,now______asleep,in class.,,A,．,very,；,very B,．,much,；,very,,C,．,well,；,very D,．,well,；,fast,,解析：,句意：,Mary,非常聰明，值得教，但她的哥哥不是?？?，他現(xiàn)在正在課堂上睡大覺呢。本題考查副詞的用法。本題中,worth,根據(jù)習慣用,well,修飾，,asleep,可用,fast,也可用,sound,修飾，意為睡得很深，所以,D,項正確。,,答案：,D,16,．,(2013·,陜西五校模擬,)Come on,，

33、,Maria,！,You can also,enjoy______you,have been dreaming of,，,if you don’t lose heart.,,A,．,as a convenient life as B,．,as convenient a life as,,C,．,as a life convenient as D,．,convenient as a life as,,解析：,句意：加油，,Maria,！你若不灰心，你也能享受到你夢想中的便利生活。,as/so/how/too,等修飾單數(shù)名詞短語時的語序是：,as/so/how/too,＋形容詞＋,a/an,＋

34、單數(shù)名詞，所以,B,項正確。,,答案：,B,17,．,(2013·,天津模擬,)There is no doubt that I’m trying to do what is best,，,but______I,have got to consider the cost.,,A,．,merely B,．,equally,,C,．,nearly D,．,mostly,,解析：,句意：毫無疑問我正在盡力做到最好，但我同樣得考慮成本。,equally,同樣地；,merely,僅僅；,nearly,幾乎，接近地；,mostly,主要地。,,答案：,B,18,．,(2013·,嘉興模擬,)Those

35、 suffering,a(n)______level,of sugar in the blood are supposed to consult their doctors and maybe change their diets.,,A,．,urgent B,．,abnormal,,C,．,complex D,．,negative,,解析：,句意：那些血糖不正常的人應該咨詢他們的醫(yī)生，而且也許要改變飲食。,abnormal,不正常的，變態(tài)的；,urgent,緊急的；,complex,復雜的；,negative,負面的，消極的。根據(jù)句意可知,B,項正確。,,答案：,B,,19,．,(201

36、3·,衡水調(diào)研,)At present,，,the government must be,very______about,setting policies for the economical crisis and make no decision until they are quite sure it is the right one.,,A,．,particular B,．,concerned,,C,．,cautious D,．,alternative,,,解析：,句意：目前政府在制定應對經(jīng)濟危機的政策時必須非常謹慎，直到非常確信它是正確的才做決定。,cautious,謹慎的，小心的

37、；,particular,特別的，講究的；,concerned,關注的，擔憂的；,alternative,供選擇的，二者選一的。,,答案：,C,20,．,(2013·,鄭州模擬,)She hurried all the way to the railway station,with______a,few seconds to spare.,,A,．,almost B,．,hardly,,C,．,even D,．,only,,解析：,句意：她一路匆匆忙忙，到了火車站僅僅剩下幾秒鐘,(,火車就開了,),。本題考查副詞辨析。,only,僅僅，符合題意。,almost,幾乎，,hardly,幾乎

38、不，,even,甚至，以上三項均不符合本題要求，故被排除。,,答案：,D,,21,．,(2013·,洛陽聯(lián)考,)I won’t go,there.You,know,，,it is already 10 in the evening.______,，,it is raining hard.,,A,．,Therefore B,．,However,,C,．,Besides D,．,That is,,解析：,句意：我不去那里了。你要知道，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是晚上,10,點了，另外，雨正下得很大。,besides,此外；,therefore,因此；,however,然而；,that is,也就是說。,,答案：

39、,C,22,．,If you have to catch the first bus every day,，,choose this,hotel.It,is,very______for,the station—it’s only a,two-minute,walk.,,A,．,close B,．,comfortable,,C,．,convenient D,．,near,,解析：,句意：如果你每天必須趕最早的公共汽車，就選這家賓館。從這里去車站很方便,——,步行只有兩分鐘。,be convenient for,sth,.,對,……,來說是方便的,/,容易到達的；,close,與,near,不

40、能與,for,搭配；,comfortable,舒適的。,,答案：,C,23,．,Painting from still images leads to a loss of sensitivity,，,which,is______to,an artist.,,A,．,absolute B,．,urgent,,C,．,special D,．,vital,,解析：,句意：用靜止的形象作畫會導致敏感度的缺失，敏感度對一個藝術家來說是至關重要的。,vital,重要的，,absolute,絕對的，,urgent,緊急的，,special,專門的，特別的，都不合句意。,,答案：,D,24,．,(2013

41、·,東營聯(lián)考,)In the traditional Spring Festival travel peak this year,，,almost all the cities,adopted______measures,to smooth the heavy traffic.,,A,．,contemporary B,．,temporary,,C,．,contradictory D,．,compulsory,,解析：,句意：在今年傳統(tǒng)的春節(jié)旅游高峰期，幾乎所有的城市都采取了臨時措施以疏通擁擠的交通。,temporary,臨時的；,contemporary,當代的；,contradictor

42、y,矛盾的；,compulsory,義務的，必修的。,,答案：,B,25,．,(2013·,濰坊模擬,)Home schooling,，,which is becoming popular in the US,，,appeals to more people,than______schools,.,,A,．,common B,．,ordinary,,C,．,regular D,．,normal,,解析：,句意：家庭學校，在美國正開始受歡迎，比正規(guī)學校吸引了更多的人。,regular,正規(guī)的，有規(guī)律的；,common,普及的，普遍的，共同的；,ordinary,普通的；,normal,正常的

43、，符合標準的。,,答案：,C,26,．,—Have you found the person you want?,,—Not,yet.Experienced,salesmen,are______these,days.,,A,．,little B,．,bare,,C,．,usual D,．,rare,,解析：,句意：,——,你找到你想找的那個人了嗎？,——,還沒呢?，F(xiàn)在有經(jīng)驗的推銷員太少了。,rare,稀少的，缺乏的；,little,沒多少，修飾不可數(shù)名詞；,bare,赤裸的，裸露的；,usual,通常的，往常的。,,答案：,D,27,．,(2013·,嘉興模擬,)Food,，,in ou

44、r society,，,is consumed for various reasons other,than______to,satisfy hunger.,,A,．,casually B,．,especially,,C,．,partly D,．,simply,,解析：,句意：在我們這個社會，除了僅僅解決饑餓外，還有各種原因要消耗糧食。,simply,僅僅，簡單地；,casually,隨意地，隨便地；,especially,尤其，特別；,partly,部分地。,,答案：,D,,28,．,(2013·,福州質(zhì)檢,)With the debt problem worsening,，,it is

45、 going to be,a______test,for EU to help Greece out of trouble.,,A,．,tough B,．,smooth,,C,．,distant D,．,private,,解析：,句意：隨著債務問題的日益嚴重，對歐盟來說，幫助希臘擺脫困境將是一個嚴峻的考驗。,tough,艱難的；,smooth,順利的；,distant,遙遠的；,private,私人的。,,答案：,A,29,．,Her adaptable mind is always open to new knowledge,and______of,others’ viewpoints,

46、，,which makes her popular with her colleagues.,,A,．,particular B,．,tolerant,,C,．,jealous D,．,ambitious,,解析：,句意：她適應性強的頭腦總是樂于接受新知識，并且對別人的觀點也很寬容，這一點使她很受同事歡迎。,tolerant,寬容的；,particular,特別的，挑剔的；,jealous,嫉妒的；,ambitious,雄心勃勃的，有野心的。,,答案：,B,30,．,(2013·,德州模擬,)No one expected house prices to fall,，,but______that’s,exactly what happened.,,A,．,moreover B,．,thus,,C,．,anyway D,．,however,,解析：,句意：沒有人會想到房價會下降，但無論如何就這么發(fā)生了。,anyway,無論如何，不管怎樣；,moreover,此外，不合句意；,thus,因此；,however,然而。根據(jù),but,可知,B,、,D,兩項不正確。,,答案：,C,謝謝觀看！,