單擊此處編輯母版標題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,,,*,,71,School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang Gongshang University,,大英六級作文輔導,2,maggie,,,*,單擊此處編輯母版標題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,單擊此處編輯母版標題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,,,*,,*,School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang Gongshang University,,大英六級作文輔導,1,maggie,大學英語六級,寫作輔導,,大學英語六級寫作輔導,六級寫作題型特點,,一、,對比觀點選擇題,:,,,1,、大多為三點提綱：有一些人,……,；還有人,……,；,我的看法或觀點；,,2,、少數(shù)時候也會出現(xiàn)兩點提綱的情況，此時可以補,充成三點提綱來寫作。,,3,、歷年真題：,2000.6,；,1999.6,；,1998.6,；,,1997.6,；,1996.1,；,1995.6,；,1993.6,；,,1993.1,六級寫作題型特點 一、對比觀點選擇題:,六級寫作題型特點,二、,社會熱點話題,:,1,、三點提綱，但常以兩點提綱出現(xiàn)；,2,、如果是兩點提綱，則補充成三點提綱寫作。,3,、常用模式為：現(xiàn)象概述,--,細節(jié)（原因、危害、,方式等）,--,自我評論,4,、歷年真題：,2002.12,；,2000.12,；,2000.1,；,,1999.1,；,1997.12,；,1995.1,；,六級寫作題型特點二、 社會熱點話題:,三、圖標題；,Report:,,1,、以圖表作為信息來源的寫作模式,2,、,通常模式為：描述圖表,--,解釋原因,--,自我評論,,3,、歷年真題：,2003.6/ 2000.6/ 1996.6/ 1992.1/ 1991.6,四、書信題,:,,1,、寫書信,2,、歷年真題：,2001.6,；,2002.1,；,,五、諺語格言題,:,,1,、文章題目為一句格言或諺語,2,、通常模式為：解釋諺語,--,舉例論證,--,畫龍點睛,3,、歷年真題：,1997.1,；,,三、圖標題；Report:  1、以圖表作為信息來源的,評分標準,本題滿分,15,分,閱卷標準共分五等：,2,分、,5,分、,8,分、,11,分及,14,分,14,分,——,切題。表達思想清楚，文字通順、連貫?；旧蠠o語言錯誤，僅有個別小錯。,11,分,——,切題。表達思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語言錯誤。,8,分,——,基本切題。有些地方表達思想不夠清楚，文字勉強連貫；語言錯誤相當多，其中有一些是嚴重錯誤。,5,分,——,基本切題。表達思想不清楚，連貫性差。有較多的嚴重語言錯誤。,2,分,——,條理不清，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯誤，且多數(shù)為嚴重錯誤。,評分標準本題滿分15分,考生寫作主要障礙,審題匆忙，偏離主題,思路狹窄，內(nèi)容貧乏或思想過寬，文章松散,句子結(jié)構(gòu)錯誤，邏輯混亂,母語痕跡明顯,用詞搭配不當,語言形式單一化,語篇不連貫，缺乏邏輯性,語法錯誤,考生寫作主要障礙審題匆忙，偏離主題,五步寫作流程,一審：審題,（確定文章體裁、主題句、關(guān)鍵信息和時間字數(shù)的限制）,2-3,分鐘,二想：想素材,（發(fā)散思維，想出與文章主題有關(guān)的素材及常用詞匯）,3-4,分鐘,三列：列提綱,（確定寫作基點，將想到的素材組織成段，列出每段提綱）,3-4,分鐘,四寫：寫作,（根據(jù)提綱和積累詞匯，進行正文寫作）,15-20,分鐘,五改：檢查修改,（檢查標點、拼寫和語法等錯誤，注意字數(shù)是否達到要求）,1-2,分鐘,五步寫作流程一審：審題（確定文章體裁、主題句、關(guān)鍵信息和時間,真題分析：,1.,現(xiàn)象解釋型,提綱：,第一段 描述現(xiàn)象；,第二段 分析產(chǎn)生這種現(xiàn)象的原因以及可能會,帶來的影響；,第三段 針對現(xiàn)象作出評論，表明自己的態(tài)度、 觀點或做法以及如何在日常行為中有,效地消除這種現(xiàn)象或其不利方面。,,真題分析：1.現(xiàn)象解釋型提綱：,典型真題,1,Reduce Waste on Campus,,有些大學校園浪費現(xiàn)象嚴重,浪費的危害,杜絕浪費，從我做起,,典型真題1Reduce Waste on Campus,Brainstorm 1,一審：,題型屬于提綱式作文；,體裁屬于議論文；,三段式結(jié)構(gòu)已給出主要論點；,論述重點為浪費現(xiàn)象的危害和如何杜絕浪費,Brainstorm 1一審：,二想,Reduce Waste,on Campus,Sustainable,development,個人健康成長,資源短缺,Nonrenewable,resources,剩菜剩飯,浪費水,長明燈,浪費錢在衣服,和網(wǎng)絡(luò)上,extravagance,二想Reduce Waste Sustainable個人健康,三列,Reduce Waste,On Campus,1.,有些大學校園,浪費現(xiàn)象嚴重,2.,浪費的危害,3.,杜絕浪費，從我做起,食堂：,dump down food,宿舍：浪費水、長明燈,浪費錢在衣服和網(wǎng)絡(luò)上,不利于社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展,不利于個人健康成長,Change a little bit every day,Be bound to be eliminated,三列Reduce Waste1.有些大學校園2.浪費的危害3,四寫,Reduce Waste on Campus,Nowadays waste has become a very serious,problem in many colleges. In canteen,,dumping,down,a large amount of food becomes a,common phenomenon; in dormitories,,leaving,lights or taps on,for a whole day is not unusual;,spending money in buying useless fancy,clothes or,surfing on the Internet,day and night,become common practices.,,四寫Reduce Waste on Campus,As a matter of fact, we, as college students, shouldn’t be ignorant of the harms waste brings to both the sustainable development of our society and our individual growth.,In the first place,, our country is still suffering from a shortage of natural resources. If we keep wasting these nonrenewable resources, we will get nothing left for our offspring.,In the second place,, waste is a breeding ground for extravagance, which is condemned strongly by us Chinese people either in history or in modern society.,As a matter of fact, we, as c,,Therefore, we must shoulder the responsibility of,reducing waste. We can just start reducing waste from the little things under our noses. As long as we try to change a little bit everyday, waste is bound to be eliminated on campus.,Therefore, we must sho,五改,通覽全文，注意拼寫（尤其是大小寫）及時態(tài)、語態(tài)、一致關(guān)系、詞性、搭配和標點等語法錯誤。,五改通覽全文，注意拼寫（尤其是大小寫）及時態(tài)、語態(tài)、一致關(guān)系,真題分析：,2.,問題解決型,提綱：,第一段 直接列舉問題或中心,第二段 分析問題產(chǎn)生的原因或解決的方法,第三段 不詳細闡述，簡單總結(jié)即可,真題分析：2.問題解決型提綱：,典型真題,2,How to Improve Students’ Mental Health,大學生的心理健康十分重要,為此，學?？梢?……,我們自己應當,……,典型真題2How to Improve Students’,Brainstorm 2,一審：,題型屬于提綱式作文；,體裁屬于說明文；,三段式結(jié)構(gòu)已給出主要論點：第一段闡述心理健康的重要性；第二段寫學校在保障大學生心理健康方面可以采取的措施；第三段寫學生自身如何避免或應對心理問題；,論述重點為,mental health,。,Brainstorm 2一審：,二想,Students’,Mental Health,聽音樂、,做運動自我調(diào)節(jié),Pressure,,Negative feeling,學生及時尋求幫助,抑郁癥、,大學生自殺事件,Psychological,counseling,More communication,二想Students’ 聽音樂、Pressure, 學生及時,三列,How to Improve,Students’ Mental,Health,1.,心理健康的重要性,2.,學校采取的措施,3.,學生如何避免或應對,心理不健康問題,保證工作學習正常進行,提供,psychological counseling,老師多關(guān)注學生，,多一些交流和幫助,Listen to music and do sports,如有問題：,ask for help in time,三列How to Improve1.心理健康的重要性2. 學,四寫,How to Improve Students’ Mental Health,,With heavier workload and increased responsibilities, many students,suffer depression,or other mental illnesses. Mental health problems can,result in,social isolation, poor health and even suicide attempt. Without,sound mental health,, their life may be disrupted and even totally destroyed.,四寫 How to Improve Students’ M,,Feasible measures must be taken by,school authorities to help university students maintain and improve their mental health.,First,, counseling centers should be established so that students can have access to regular professional psychological counseling.,Second,, teachers are advised to communicate with students frequently about their life and study to locate problems timely and offer immediate help to those who have psychological problems.,Feasible measures must be,As university students, we should also have our own ways to,relieve pressure and discard negative feelings,. Listening to music, taking a brisk walk, doing yoga or having a conversation with a positive friend can all help us maintain sound mental health. What’s more, when we are aware of the problems, we should ask for help in time.,As university students, we sh,五改,通覽全文，注意拼寫（尤其是大小寫）及時態(tài)、語態(tài)、一致關(guān)系、詞性、搭配和標點等語法錯誤。,五改通覽全文，注意拼寫（尤其是大小寫）及時態(tài)、語態(tài)、一致關(guān)系,真題分析：,3.,對比選擇型,提綱：,第一段 針對主題闡述一種觀點；,第二段 闡述另一種觀點；,第三段 闡明自己的立場。,或,第一段 引出比較的對象；,第二、三段 對事物的優(yōu)缺點，或?qū)Σ煌?觀點進行分析比較；,第四段 表明自己的看法,（可參見六級后續(xù)課教材,p.10-12,）,真題分析：3.對比選擇型提綱：,典型真題,3,Reading Selectively or Extensively,有人認為讀書要有選擇,有人認為應當博覽群書,我的看法,典型真題3Reading Selectively or Ex,Brainstorm 3,一審：,題型屬于提綱式作文；,體裁屬于比較型議論文；,全文為三段式結(jié)構(gòu)，題目已給出主要論點。建議加一個引言段；,關(guān)鍵信息是對比閱讀的兩種方式,selectively,和,extensively,。要分段闡述這兩種不同觀點，并說明理由。,Brainstorm 3一審：,二想,Reading Selectively,Or Extensively,學科知識相互交叉,開闊視野,Keep up with the,changes around us,全面發(fā)展,Personal taste,and needs,時間精力有限,深入研究專業(yè)領(lǐng)域,Not every book,Is useful,二想Reading Selectively學科知識相互交叉開,三列,Reading Selectively,Or Extensively,1.,總述，點明話題,2.,讀書要有選擇,3.,應當博覽群書,引出該有選擇性讀書還是,該廣泛閱讀,Time and energy is limited,Not every book is useful to us,Keep up with the changes around us,各學科知識交叉滲透，而非獨立,根據(jù)個人愛好和需要進行選擇,4.,我的看法,Broaden our horizons & develop all-round abilities,各有利弊，相互結(jié)合,三列Reading Selectively1.總述，點明話題,四寫,Reading Selectively or Extensively,,Books are the stepping stones to human progress.,Like talking with knowledgeable persons, reading books can build our minds. However, should we read selectively or extensively? Views vary from person to person.,,Quite a few people hold that,books should be read selectively since our time and energy are limited. Besides, not every book is of benefit to us. We must pick the suitable ones to achieve high efficiency and gain more specialized knowledge in our major field. What to choose lies in our own personal tastes and needs.,四寫Reading Selectively or Exten,Other people insist on reading extensively. They claim that we will be able to keep up with the changes around us if we do read extensively. Now branches of knowledge overlap rather than stay separated from each other. Reading extensively can,broaden our horizons, develop all-round abilities,,and make us grasp the general knowledge in different fields.,As far as I’m concerned, both the two reading ways have their,pros and cons,during our reading process, so why not combine them together?,Other people insist on readi,五改,通覽全文，注意拼寫（尤其是大小寫）及時態(tài)、語態(tài)、一致關(guān)系、詞性、搭配和標點等語法錯誤。,五改通覽全文，注意拼寫（尤其是大小寫）及時態(tài)、語態(tài)、一致關(guān)系,真題分析：,4.,圖表作文型,提綱：,第一段 描述圖表，指出圖表顯示的問題,或現(xiàn)象；,第二段 對該現(xiàn)象進行解釋和分析；,第三段 總結(jié)。,,,注意!!!,圖表作文一定不要大量地羅列數(shù)據(jù)，而要指出,出上升或下降的態(tài)勢。,真題分析：4.圖表作文型提綱：,典型真題,4,Travelling Abroad,近十年來某城市越來越多的人選擇出境旅游,出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象的原因,這種現(xiàn)象可能產(chǎn)生的影響,典型真題4Travelling Abroad,Brainstorm 4,一審：,題型屬于提綱式作文；,體裁屬于圖表型議論文；,全文為三段式結(jié)構(gòu)，題目已給出各段主要論點；,關(guān)鍵信息是,traveling abroad,，重點在于分析境外游越來越熱的原因和可能產(chǎn)生的影響。,Brainstorm 4一審：,二想,Traveling Abroad,better,transportation,改革開放政策,和全球化發(fā)展,broaden horizons,習俗差異造成誤解,破壞環(huán)境,cultural exchange,促進當?shù)亟?jīng)濟發(fā)展,生活水平提高,二想Traveling Abroadbetter 改革開放政,三列,Traveling,Abroad,1.,描述圖表,2.,出現(xiàn)這種,現(xiàn)象的原因,出境旅游人數(shù)逐年上升,1995,年：,10 000,2000,年：,40 000,2005,年：,120 000,Promote cultural exchange, broaden people’s mind,種族歧視和習俗差異導致誤解,Cause damage to local environment,人們生活水平提高,globalization & the reform and opening-up policy,better transportation system,3.,可能產(chǎn)生的影響,三列Traveling 1.描述圖表2. 出現(xiàn)這種出境旅游人,四寫,Traveling Abroad,,The bar chart shows the changes in the number of,people traveling abroad from 1995 to 2005.,It can be clearly seen in the graph that,there were only 10 thousand people traveling overseas in 1995. In 2000, the figure rose to approximately 40 thousand, after which it increased considerably to 120 thousand in 2005.,四寫Traveling Abroad,,Several factors contribute to this phenomenon. First,,the rapid economic growth in China has led to a tremendous improvement in people’s living standard, so increasing numbers of people can afford the overseas travel.,Second,,the globalization and the reform and opening-up policy in our country have also made it possible for people to gain insights into the outside world, and therefore they have the desire to go out.,Third,,the technological advances have guaranteed us a better transportation system, which makes overseas travel more convenient faster and much cheaper.,Several factors contribute t,The outbound tourism has,both positive and negative impacts. On the one hand,,it promotes cultural exchange between countries and broadens people’s horizons.,On the other hand,, it boosts the tourism industry and therefore benefits the local economy. However, the existence of racial discrimination and different customs may also cause misunderstandings between people from different cultures.,Moreover,,the booming tourism industry will also cause damage to local environment.,The outbound tourism has bot,五改,通覽全文，注意拼寫（尤其是大小寫）及時態(tài)、語態(tài)、一致關(guān)系、詞性、搭配和標點等語法錯誤。,五改通覽全文，注意拼寫（尤其是大小寫）及時態(tài)、語態(tài)、一致關(guān)系,圖表型作文解析,此類作文要求從提示性文字或圖表、圖畫入手，解釋提示性文字、圖表、圖畫反映出的問題，提出問題的危害性或解決這一問題的緊迫性；然后對問題展開分析，提出解決問題的方案或應對措施；最后一段要求考生表明自己的態(tài)度、做法等,圖表型作文解析此類作文要求從提示性文字或圖表、圖畫入手，解釋,圖表開頭寫法,A.,本,____,圖表明了 在某個時間段（比如某年到某年之間） 某個研究對象 （如何變化）的情況,/,數(shù)字,/,百分比。,.,具體挑出最高值，最低值，增長變化的趨勢就可以了,圖表開頭寫法A. 本____圖表明了 在某個時間段（比如某年,模仿練習,1996,年的真題,It can be seen from the graph that the developing countries have made remarkable/considerable progress in people’s health. From 1960 to 1990 life expectancy increased by 50%. At the same time/meanwhile, there was a dramatic decline in infant mortality(,字數(shù)嫌少加上下面的話,from 200 deaths per 100 birth in 1960 to 100 in 1990),模仿練習1996年的真題,B,版本,As is seen from the table / graph / chart, _____________,（圖表所描述的事物,A,）,ascend significantly from __________,（數(shù)字,1,）,in __________,（年份,1,）,to ____________,（數(shù)字,2,）,in __________,（年份,2,）,while over the same period, _______________,（圖表所描述的事物,B,）,shrank slightly from _________,（數(shù)字,3,）,to ___________,（數(shù)字,4,）,. It can be observed easily that _____________________________________,（分析圖表所反映的問題）,.,B 版本As is seen from the table,,如曲線圖所示，從,1980,年到,1982,年，擁有個人電腦的美國家庭的百分比，從大約,0.2%,緩慢上升到正好,5%,。然后這一百分比又急劇上升，達到,1983,年的大約,10%,。此后，該百分比持續(xù)上升，直到達到了,1988,年的最高值,21.0%,。,如曲線圖所示，從1980年到1982年，擁有個人電腦的美國家,As the curve indicates, the percentage of American families who owned personal computers increased gradually from approximately 0.2% in 1980 to exactly 5% in 1982. Then, there was a substantial increase in this proportion, reaching some 10% in 1983. Finally, the period between 1983 to 1988 witnessed a steady growth, to the peak of 21.0% in the latter year. It can be observed easily that computer has become an indispensable part for American society.,As the curve indicates, the pe,,第二段： 給出原因,第三段：解決方案， 或趨勢預測,,和現(xiàn)象型沒有任何區(qū)別,第二段： 給出原因,Car accidents declining in Walton City,1991.6---,練習,Car Accidents Declining in Walton City.,---,圖表作文一定不要大量地羅列數(shù)據(jù),，,而要指出出上升或下降的態(tài)勢。,在這個圖表中，總的趨勢在下降，但是在過程中有的在下降有的在上升。,Car accidents declining in Wa,2. possible reasons,法規(guī)更健全和嚴格,行人和司機更遵守交通規(guī)則,路況更好了,車的質(zhì)量更好了,2. possible reasons法規(guī)更健全和嚴格,From January to March last year it increased by 45%.,（或?qū)懗?increase from 22% to 32%,）,From March to June it dropped by about half the previous rate. From January to March last year it increased by 45%. From March to June it dropped by about half the previous rate. From June to August there was a steep rise of 50%. After that, however, there was a steady decrease.,From January to March last yea,描述圖表！,升,Increase go up,,Grow Rise,,Ascend Climb,,Jump,躍升,Skyrocket,,shoot up soar,描述圖表！升,降,Decrease go down,decline fall,descend drop,dive plummet,precipitate,降Decrease go down,幅度大、劇烈的詞,Sharply/dramatically/abruptly/,steeply/significantly/substantially/,noticeably/remarkably/greatly/,quickly/unexpectedly,幅度大、劇烈的詞Sharply/dramatically/a,幅度小、緩慢的詞,Stably/steadily/marginally,slowly/gradually/slightly,,保持不變的詞,,Keep, remain, stay ,stabilize, level off,波動的詞：,fluctuate,幅度小、緩慢的詞Stably/steadily/margin,Sentence Patterns to describe a graph,A. There be,句型： “,There is “,變化名詞”,+in the number of +,被描述對象,在,1975-2005,這,30,年的時間里，騎自行車的人的數(shù)量緩慢下降了。,During the 3 decades from 1975 to 2005, there was a gradual decline in the number of bicyclists.,Sentence Patterns to describe,真題分析：,5.,應用書信型,提綱：,第一段 根據(jù)題目規(guī)定的特定場景描述,事實；,第二段 明確闡述自己寫信的原因、動,機和目的；,第三段 表明愿望或提出建議。,,真題分析：5.應用書信型提綱：,應用文寫作（書信）,公務(wù)書信,求職類,.,投訴類,.,邀請類,感謝類,,私人信件,：,2001,年六月,,應用文寫作（書信）公務(wù)書信,典型真題,5,2005.12,Write a letter to a company,declining a job offer,對公司提供職位表示感謝,解釋為何不能接受所提供的職位,希望予以諒解，并表達對公司的良好祝愿,典型真題5 2005.12Write a letter to,二想,Declining a,Job Offer,職業(yè)規(guī)劃,工作地點,工資水平,已經(jīng)接受其他職位,Extend appreciation,祝愿：,success/bright future,Educational background,學歷、專業(yè)知識,提供的職位：,telemarketer,二想Declining a 職業(yè)規(guī)劃工作地點工資水平已經(jīng)接受,三列,Declining a,Job Offer,1.,對公司提供,職位表示感謝,2.,解釋不能接,受職位的原因,3.,希望予以諒解，,表達對公司的良好,祝愿,點明提供的職位,表示謝意：,Their efforts & time,已接受其他職位,The best continued success in the future,理由設(shè)計因素：,Educational background, skills, career aspiration,三列Declining a1.對公司提供2. 解釋不能接3.,四寫,A Letter Declining a Job Offer,,Dec. 24th, 2005,,Dear Manager,,I am very grateful for the time and effort,you spent considering me for the position as a telemarketer in the world-renowned Siemens Company. You have been most kind and gracious throughout the interview process, and I only wish that circumstances allowed me to accept your offer.,四寫A Letter Declining a Job Off,,However, I must decline your invitation,since I have just accepted an offer from another company after considerable thought. I believe firmly in the mission of your organization and value the opportunity you offer, while the position I have accepted is more in line with my educational background, skills and career aspirations despite its farther working place. That is a quite hard decision for me. I hope you can understand it.,However, I must decline your,,I do appreciate all the courtesy and hospitality extended to me,by your office, and I wish you and your colleagues,the best continued success in the future,. Thanks again for your consideration.,,Respectfully,,Wang Ping,I do appreciate all the cour,五改,通覽全文，注意拼寫（尤其是大小寫）及時態(tài)、語態(tài)、一致關(guān)系、詞性、搭配和標點等語法錯誤，尤其要注意檢查書信的格式是否正確。,五改通覽全文，注意拼寫（尤其是大小寫）及時態(tài)、語態(tài)、一致關(guān)系,書信寫作步驟總結(jié),簡要說明事由（略微寒暄，點出主題）,說明具體理由,再次申明目的,書信寫作步驟總結(jié) 簡要說明事由（略微寒暄，點出主題）,,[j1],稱呼一般是,Dear XXX,,的形式開頭。如果知道對方的名字或者職務(wù)，可以直接寫上。如果題目中沒有給出任何信息（一般不常見）可以說,Dear Sir/Madam,,或者,To who it may concern,,。,[j1]稱呼一般是Dear XXX, 的形式開頭。如果知道,書信寫作步驟總結(jié),簡要說明事由（略微寒暄，點出主題）,說明具體理由,再次申明目的,書信寫作步驟總結(jié) 簡要說明事由（略微寒暄，點出主題）,,在第二段中你可以直接說我不能接受你所提供的工作了，原因是：一、二、三,***,在投訴類，拒絕類的文章中第二段可以采取一個方法“先抑后揚”,在第二段中你可以直接說我不能接受你所提供的工作了，原因是：一,,[j1],開頭的寒暄句根據(jù)書信的內(nèi)容會有不同，但結(jié)尾的寒暄句基本都是一樣的，一般都喜歡寫,Best wishes to you and your family.,。落款也是固定的,Sincerely yours,,和名字。至于寫誰的名字，如果題目中給出寫信人的具體名字，就署名一下好了。如果沒給，也不要用自己的名字，隨便編一個就好,[j1]開頭的寒暄句根據(jù)書信的內(nèi)容會有不同，但結(jié)尾的寒暄句,