《2019-2020年高考英語二輪復習專題三閱讀理解第三節(jié)題組訓練2科普知識.doc》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關《2019-2020年高考英語二輪復習專題三閱讀理解第三節(jié)題組訓練2科普知識.doc（9頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

2019-2020年高考英語二輪復習專題三閱讀理解第三節(jié)題組訓練2科普知識 (xx·河東區(qū)一模) Do you ever wish for a little more time to do everything you need to do？Well，on July 1 you’ll be getting it—but only one more second. On July 1 at exactly 7：59：59 a．m.Beijing time (or on June 30 at 23：59：59 UTC，Coordinated Universal Time)，the world’s atomic(原子的) clocks will pause for a single second，or，more precisely，change to the unusual time of 7：59：60，according to theverge.The addition of a leap second(閏秒)，announced by the Paris Observatory，is to keep our clocks in time with the slowing of Earth’s rotation(旋轉(zhuǎn)) and astronomical time as measured by the sun. Just one extra second could cause big problems and affect the way puters and websites work，however.When the last leap second was added back in xx，more than a few websites had some trouble.As reported by Phys.org，popular sites like the munity website Reddit crashed when the leap second was added. For Reddit，the problem was eventually found to be with a Linux system that got confused when it checked the network time and found an extra second. Speaking to Wired about the problem back in xx，Linux creator Linus Torvalds mented：“Almost every time we have a leap second，we find something.It’s really annoying，because it’s code(代碼) that is almost never used，and thus not tested by users under their normal conditions.” panies have had to think of their own solutions，and Google’s “l(fā)eap smear” may be the best-known example.As pany engineer Christopher Pascoe explains in a blog post，panies usually try to fix the problem by turning back the clocks by one second at the end of the day so that they play that second again. However，Pascoe believes this creates problems.He asked：“What happens？Does e-mail that es in during that second get stored correctly？” Google has a solution：Cut the extra second into milliseconds and then put these tiny amounts of time into the system throughout the day.“This means that when it became time to add an extra second at midnight，”says Pascoe.“Our clocks have already taken this into account over the course of the day.” For many panies without Google’s money，however，the leap second will likely still cause some crashes.Don’t worry，though—at least it won’t last long! 語篇解讀　本文主要介紹了“閏秒”帶來的影響及其解決方案。 1．Why do we need to add a leap second? A．The world’s atomic clocks are set to do so. B．To keep in time with the world’s puters. C．To keep atomic clocks in time with the slowing of Earth’s rotation. D．To record the changes to astronomical time. 答案　C 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“The addition of a leap second(閏秒)，announced by the Paris Observatory，is to keep our clocks in time with the slowing of Earth’s rotation(旋轉(zhuǎn)) and astronomical time as measured by the sun.”可知，閏秒是由于地球自轉(zhuǎn)變慢引起的，為了與由太陽測量的天文時間一致而增加一秒，故選C。 2．What happened to the website Reddit when the leap second was added in xx? A．It crashed because of a virus attack. B．Its network time added two extra seconds. C．All of the code in its Linux system went wrong. D．One of its software systems got confused and the site broke down. 答案　D 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句和第四段中“the problem was eventually found to be with a Linux system that got confused when it checked the network time and found an extra second”可知，閏秒發(fā)生時，網(wǎng)站崩潰，運行系統(tǒng)混亂，故選D。 3．What does the underlined word “something” refer to in the 5th paragraph? A．The code not working properly. B．The extra second. C．The problem. D．Normal conditions. 答案　A 解析　代詞指代題。根據(jù)文章第五段中“we find something.It’s really annoying，because it’s code(代碼) that is almost never used，and thus not tested by users under their normal conditions”可知，something指代后文出現(xiàn)的一些從沒使用過和測試過的代碼，即代碼不正常地工作，故選A。 4．How do panies usually deal with the problem of the extra second? A．By shutting down puters at the end of the day. B．By stopping receiving emails that e in during that second. C．By turning the clocks back by one second at the end of the day. D．By cutting the extra second into milliseconds throughout the day. 答案　C 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中“panies usually try to fix the problem by turning back the clocks by one second at the end of the day so that they play that second again”可知，解決額外一秒的做法是在一天結(jié)束時將時鐘往回調(diào)一秒，故選C。 5．What’s Christopher Pascoe’s attitude toward Google’s solution to the problem? A．Unfavorable. B．Doubtful. C．Approving. D．Cautious. 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“‘This means that when it became time to add an extra second at midnight，’says Pascoe.‘Our clocks have already taken this into account over the course of the day.’”可知，午夜時分多一秒時，時鐘已經(jīng)在白天將這一秒考慮在內(nèi)了，所以Pascoe認同這個方法，故選C。 B (xx·和平區(qū)一模) Soaping up your hands may do more than just get rid of germs.It may wash away the inner confusion you feel right after being forced to make a choice between two appealing choices，according to a new study.The study builds on past research into a phenomenon known as “the Macbeth effect”． It turns out that Shakespeare was really onto something when he imagined Lady Macbeth trying to clean her conscience(良心) by rubbing invisible bloodstains from her hands.A few years ago，scientists asked people to describe a past wrong act.If people were then given a chance to clean their hands，they later expressed less guilt than people who hadn’t cleaned. This finding fascinated W．S.Lee，a researcher.“Anything from the past，any kind of negative emotional experiences，might be washed away，” says Lee. He decided to test hand washing’s effect on one kind of bad feeling：the tension we feel after being forced to choose between two attractive choices，because picking one choice makes us feel that we’ve lost the other.People usually try to calm this inner conflict by later exaggerating(夸大) the positive aspects of their choice. He had students rank 10 different music CDs.Then he offered students one CD as a gift.Some students then used liquid soap.Others only looked at the soap or sniffed(嗅) it.“Actually，you do not need water and soap，” says Lee. Later，the students again had to rank all the music.People who didn’t wash their hands had the normal response—they scored their take-home CD higher，suggesting that they now saw it as even more attractive than before.But this wasn’t true for the hand washers.They ranked the music about the same.“They feel no need at all to justify the choice，” says Lee. But the implications of it just aren’t clear.Schwarz says it’s too soon to know whether people should head for a sink after making a tough choice.He says washing may help decision-makers by cleaning away mental disorder，but perhaps if they don’t go through the usual post-decision process of justifying their choice，they might feel more sorrow in the long run. 語篇解讀　本文主要講述了用香皂洗手會幫助人們緩解作決定時的緊張與不安的情緒。 6．The Macbeth effect refers to the fact that . A．people feel less ashamed after washing their hands B．soaping up one’s hand may help wash away the inner confusion and make a decision C．people feel less guilty by getting rid of invisible germs from their hands D．Shakespeare did scientific research before writing Macbeth 答案　A 解析　推理判斷題。由第二段內(nèi)容可知，人們在洗手后會感到良心上的愧疚感減輕，故選A。 7．According to Lee，after people make the choice . A．they will overstate the goodness of their chosen choice B．they will feel regretful for not choosing another C．they will feel free due to the feeling of losing the other choice D．they will think nothing of their chosen choice any more to calm their inner conflict 答案　A 解析　細節(jié)理解題。由第四段內(nèi)容可知，在做出兩個選項的選擇后，人們通常會緊張不安，以夸大自己所選擇的事物的優(yōu)點來使內(nèi)心平靜，故選A。 8．According to Lee，those hand washers consider justifying their choice . A．more scientific B．unnecessary C．a(chǎn) little convincing D．a(chǎn)bsolutely useless 答案　B 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“‘They feel no need at all to justify the choice，’says Lee.”可知選B。 9．What does Schwarz need to research more? A．Whether people need to justify their choice. B．Whether people feel more sorrow after washing hands. C．Whether washing hands help over a long period of time. D．Whether washing hands is helpful to make a choice. 答案　C 解析　細節(jié)理解題。通過最后一段內(nèi)容可知，洗手從長遠看是否有作用還需要更多的研究，故選C。 10．What might be the most suitable title for the passage? A．Is Washing Hands Necessary to Defeat Tension? B．Washing Hands Washes Our Mind C．Washing Hands Helps Make a Better Choice D．Washing Hands Reduces the Stress of Decision 答案　D 解析　標題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容以及整篇文章的介紹可知，本文主要講洗手能夠減輕作決定的壓力，故選D。 C (xx·南開區(qū)三模) You know the saying “You’re as young as you feel”．Well，there may be some truth in that，according to researchers at Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Ellen Langer，a Harvard psychologist who studies how the mind influences the body，and her colleagues reviewed the scientific literature for evidence that a person’s perception of their age might influence their health.They published their results in the journal Perspectives on Psychological Science. In one study that Langer led,47 women had their hair done.The women who thought their new hairdos(發(fā)型) made them look younger did look younger to objective observers，who were shown before-and-after pictures.The women who thought they looked younger also showed a drop in blood pressure.Another study involving 4,421 men found that those who became bald(禿頂) at a relatively young age were more likely to get cancer and heart disease than men who did not.Similarly，another study involving 2,017 men found that those who lost their hair early were more likely to develop heart disease.“We believe that the feelings associated with being older than one’s real age account for some of these health outes，” the researchers wrote. The researchers also described studies which found that women who had children later in life were more likely to be healthier and live longer than those who had children early，which they attributed to the fact that these mothers tend to spend more time with younger women.Similarly，people who marry younger partners tend to live longer than those who marry older partners，according to other studies. Taken together，the research supports the general mind-body hypothesis(假說) that when a younger mind is prepared，a younger body can acpany it.While the mechanism(機制) remains unclear，the researchers figured that suggestions associated with aging can make one unconsciously or consciously aware of old age and set in motion a series of physiological processes that can have real effects on short-term and long-term health. 語篇解讀　本文為說明文，題材為科普知識類。覺得自己更年輕的人更健康也活得更長。 11．The underlined word “perception” in Paragraph 2 means “ ”． A．view B．a(chǎn)ppearance C．influence D．creation 答案　A 解析　詞義猜測題。由第一段第一句中的“You’re as young as you feel”及第二段第一句中的“how the mind influences the body”可推測出答案。 12．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Paragraph 3? A．Blood pressure is closely related to hairdos. B．Feeling older than one’s real age may be tied to health problems. C．Getting cancer or heart disease is the cause of hair losing. D．The women who love hairdos look younger than those who don’t. 答案　B 解析　細節(jié)理解題。由第三段列舉的三項研究的結(jié)果及最后一句話的總結(jié)可知選B。 13．It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that . A．a(chǎn) younger mother is more likely to live longer B．the younger one of a couple lives much longer C．often staying with younger people can benefit people’s health D．people who want to live longer need to marry young 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。由該段中舉的例子可推知選C。 14．The passage mainly tells us that . A．getting bald too early is not good for health B．women had better give birth later in their life C．people who marry younger partners tend to live longer D．people’s view of their age may have an effect on their own health 答案　D 解析　主旨大意題。由第一段第一句中的“You’re as young as you feel”和最后一段第一句中的“the research supports the general mind-body hypothesis(假說) that when a younger mind is prepared，a younger body can acpany it”可知，人們對自己年齡的認知可能會影響健康，故選D。 15．From which page of a newspaper is the passage most probably taken from? A．Entertainment. B．Health. C．Economy. D．Politics. 答案　B 解析　文章出處題。本文是關于健康的，故最有可能出自報紙上的健康專欄。故選B。 D (xx·河西區(qū)二模) When you want to throw something out as “junk”，better take a second thought as it may be of great value.In fact，scientists made the same mistake with DNA years ago，and now they are trying to get it right. We often say that DNA is a kind of acid that contains our genes.But the truth is that genes only make up 1 to 2 percent of our DNA，which caused scientists to believe that the rest of it is useless. Nevertheless，instead of doing nothing，junk DNA，as it is called，turned out to be playing an important part in our body.If genes are like light bulbs，then junk DNA acts as switches. They control which genes are used in a cell and how active they are.For example，they can determine whether a cell bees a lung cell or a neuron(神經(jīng)元)． The study，published in the journal Nature on September 5，started in xx，and 442 scientists from 30 labs around the world were involved，according to Reuters.It is considered the biggest breakthrough in genomics(基因?qū)W) in a decade because it might help scientists find the cause of certain diseases. It has long been known that many plicated diseases，such as cancer，are caused by tiny changes in DNA.But now scientists realize that most of the changes occur not in the genes themselves，but in the “junk” part of the DNA.They are able to keep track of how and why the switches change and then figure out new treatments and drugs. “Our former understanding of DNA was like getting a picture of Earth from space，”Eric Lander from the Broad Institute，US，told The New York Times.“You know the planet is there，but you cannot see exactly what it’s like on the surface.” But now with the new study result “you can follow the roads and see the traffic circulation.That’s exactly the same way we will use this data in cancer research，”explained Mark Rubin from Weill Cornell Medical College in New York. 16．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．DNA—The Cause of Cancer B．What Is DNA? C．A New Discovery for “Junk DNA” D．A Misunderstanding of Genes 答案　C 解析　標題歸納題。本文主要介紹了垃圾DNA其實在我們的身體中也扮演著重要的角色，這是醫(yī)學上的一個新發(fā)現(xiàn)，故選C。 17．What does the underlined phrase “get it right” in the first paragraph refer to? A．Discovering new types of DNA. B．Recognizing the importance of junk DNA. C．Understanding the role genes play in DNA. D．Telling useful DNA from useless one. 答案　B 解析　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文中的“多年前科學家對于垃圾DNA也犯了同樣的錯誤”可推知，他們現(xiàn)在正在糾正，也就是認識到垃圾DNA的重要性。故選B。 18．The author explains how different parts of DNA work by . a．introducing a general theory b．making a metaphor(比喻) c．giving examples d．displaying research data A．a(chǎn)，c B．b，c C．a(chǎn)，d D．c，d 答案　B 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“If genes are like light bulbs，then junk DNA acts as switches.”可知，作者使用比喻來解釋DNA的作用；根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，作者具體舉出了例子，故選B。 19．The results of the study mentioned in the article show that . A．cancer is caused by tiny changes in genes themselves B．the study of junk DNA is less important than the study of genes C．changes in junk DNA do not affect genes D．junk DNA is very important for the functioning of our cells 答案　D 解析　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“They control which genes are used in a cell and how active they are.”可知，垃圾DNA對于我們細胞的正常功能是非常重要的，故選D。 20．Which of the following statements might Mark Rubin agree with? A．The findings of our genes are enough to fight against cancer. B．The battle against cancer will be won within two years. C．The findings of junk DNA throw light on how we might cure cancer. D．The new treatments and drugs will change junk DNA quickly. 答案　C 解析　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“That’s exactly the same way we will use this data in cancer research...”可知，研究垃圾DNA得出的數(shù)據(jù)將運用到癌癥治療的研究中，故選C。