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摘要 掘進機是巷道掘進和隧道施工的重要設備，它具有截割、裝載、轉運、獨立行走、噴霧降塵等功能。但隨著現(xiàn)代化建設的不斷加快，礦山機械的迅猛發(fā)展以及對能源和建設等要求的不斷增大，掘進機的性能還不能夠完全滿足要求，所以迫切要求設計出能夠滿足工況要求的新型掘進機。 掘進機的轉運機構是掘進機十分重要的工作機構，轉運機構運輸能力的大小直接影響掘進機的掘進速度。本設計主要針對縱軸式掘進機轉運機構方案設計及其技術設計。通過應用掘進機設計的一系列知識，對掘進機轉運機構加以分析設計，運輸系統(tǒng)采用刮板輸送機，液壓馬達驅動，取消轉運減速器，運輸部根據(jù)需要選用的圓環(huán)鏈為邊雙鏈，使轉運機構結構更加緊湊，運轉更加協(xié)調(diào)，減少了故障的發(fā)生，以更好的適應井下復雜多變的巷道情況。 關鍵詞： 縱軸式掘進機；轉運機構設計；邊雙鏈 Ⅰ Abstract The driving machine is the important equipment of tunnel excavation and tunnel construction, which has the function of cutting, loading, transporting, walking independently, spraying dust and dust etc.. But with accelerating modernization, the rapid development of mining machinery, as well as demand for energy and construction is increasing, roadheader performance can not fully meet the requirements, there is an urgent request to design to meet the requirements of working conditions of new type roadheader. The transport mechanism of the tunneling machine is the important working mechanism of the tunneling machine, and the transportation capacity of the transportation mechanism directly influences the driving speed of the tunneling machine.. This design is mainly to the transport mechanism of longitudinal roadheader design and technical design. Through the application of tunnel boring machine design of a series of knowledge, the transport mechanism of roadheader be analysis and design, transportation system using scraper conveyor, hydraulic motor driven, cancel the transfer speed reducer, Department of transportation according to need to use round link chain for edge double chain, transport structure is more compact, running a more coordinated, and reduce the occurrence of the fault, to better adapt to the underground complex tunnel. Key words: Roadheader; transport mechanism design; double side chain 中文題目：縱軸式掘進機轉運機構方案設計及其技術設計 外文題目：DESIGN AND TECHNICAL DESIGN OF LONGITUDINAL ROADHEADER TRANSPORT MECHANISM 畢業(yè)設計（論文）共 52頁（其中：外文文獻及譯文 10 頁）圖紙共 4 張 完成日期20XX年6月 答辯日期20XX年6月 ?附錄A The?vertical?Boom-type?Roadheader?design ????1?Introduction? ????Mechanical?design?is?in?the?process?of?product?design?and?an?important?part?of?the?main?links,?it?is?followed?in?programme?design?after?the?design?work.?The?vertical?Boom-type?roadheader?(the?roadheader)?to?the?overall?design?of?the?merits?of?complete?machine?play?a?decisive?role,?and?the?decision?of?the?assembly,?the?system,?coordination?between?the?various?components?of?the?unity?and?match,?to?obtain?the?high-end?performance?and?overall?better?economic?efficiency?technology.?Roadheader?design,?including?the?following:?1)According?to?design?project?description?choice?type?and?various?cellular?construction?pattern?2)?Decides?the?complete?machine?the?main?technical?performance?parameter,?Including?size?parameter,?heavy?parameter,?the?parameter?of?movement?and?the?technical?economy?refer?parameter,?3)?According?to?system?design?performance?requirement,?definite?complete?machine?system?composition?and?between?them?match?as?well?as?each?part?main?technical?senate?parameter,?4)?The?necessary?whole,?and?the?mapping?of?transmission,?hydraulic,?electronic?control?systems,?and?other?plans.? ?2?the?selected?models?and?various?components?and?structural?type,?drive,?and?the?overall?layout?of?the?reasonable? ????In?determining?the?content,?first?task?should?be?designed?to?meet?the?contents,?especially?the?users?of?the?main?demands?of?the?investigation,?the?two?sides?exchanged?views?repeatedly,?to?satisfy?both?users?(or?superior)?conditions,?can?better?meet?the?product?development?of?the?overall?plan. 2.1?the?selected?models? ????According?to?roadheader?use,?for?the?coal?mine?tunnel?boring?or?used?for?other?sectors?of?the?works,?roadheader?working?conditions?for?cutting?coal?roadway?or?semi-Coal?Lane,?the?compressive?strength?of?coal?and?rock?one-way?(or?the?value?of?platts?coefficient?f)?and?the?rock?abrasion?factor.?At?the?same?time?the?control?line?should?be?superscript?MT138?~?1995?"cantilevered?Roadheader?types?and?parameters",? ????according?to?cutting?coal?and?rock?the?biggest?one-way?compressive?strength,?the?type?of?selected?models.? ????2.2?the?structure?of?the?various?components,?the?way?the?driver?identified? ????Roadheader?by?cutting?general?agencies,?shipping?agencies,?walking,?hydraulic?system,?electronic?control?systems?and?auxiliary?devices?(such?as?dust?removal?devices,?security?devices,?remote?monitoring?devices)?and?other?components.?1)?Cutting?agencies.?Cutting?the?drive?from?AC?motor-driven,?in?the?transmission?system?located?in?the?general?profile?coupling?with?no?mechanical?overload?protection?device,?the?two?planets?reducer?driven?spindle?front?of?the?cutting?head.?Some?sections?of?the?working?bodies?boring?machine?has?cut?chain,?disc-milling?and?cutting-such?as?cantilever.?Cantilever?due?to?the?cutting-boring?machine?body?flexible,?relatively?small,?can?cut?a?variety?of?shapes?and?sections?of?the?roadway,?and?to?achieve?selective?cutting,?but?cutting?good?effect,?a?higher?rate?of?boring,?so?now?used?mainly?cantilever?Cutting-and?has?become?boring?machine?working?body?of?a?basic?pattern.?By?cutting?head?of?the?layout,?is?divided?into?horizontal?and?vertical?axis?of?the?two.?The?line-cutting?head?of?the?advantages?are:?Transmission?convenient,?compact?and?can?be?cut?to?any?shape?of?the?profile,?easy?access?to?the?formation?of?a?cross-section?and?is?conducive?to?expansion?in?the?use?of?cantilever,?or?ditch?digging,?in?Waterloo.?Cutting?head?the?shape?of?a?cylindrical,?cone?and?the?cone?and?cylindrical,?as?the?latter?two?cutting?head?to?drilling,?and?the?cutting?surface?than?the?formation,?use?it?more.?This?is?the?work?of?the?shortcomings:?As?the?longitudinal?axis?of?cutting?head?in?the?horizontal?swing?at?the?cutting?reaction?force?is?not?passed?machine?centres,?with?cantilevered?form?of?torque?to?boring?machine?have?a?greater?vibration,?stability?is?poor.?Therefore,?the?coal?roadway?excavation,?the?need?to?increase?the?body?weight?or?support?the?installation?of?auxiliary?equipment.?At?present,?such?a?boring?machine?in?some?sections?of?the?use?of?more?boring?machine.?2)?Shipment?of?bodies.?It?generally?from?the?middle?loading?and?conveyor?components.?They?were?driven?or?focus?may?be?linked,?either?by?AC?motor?drive,?can?also?be?used?hydraulic?motor?drive.?Trailing?claw-is?to?use?a?turn?moves?the?rake?claws?to?continue?to?rake?materials?and?in?a?reprint?from?transport?operators? ?This?structure?is?simple,?reliable,?small?form??factor,?loading?good?effect,?the?application?is?widespread.?However,?such?institutions?loading?width?restricted?(because?boring?machine?running?track?when?agencies?generally?do?not?arouse).?To?expand?the?loading?width,?will?shovel?the?entire?harrow?board,?together?with?the?claw?agencies?in?the?level?of?swing,?or?design?dual?rake?claws,?to?expand?the?scope?of?loading.?Institutions?than?the?rake-wheel-claw?simple,?high?intensity,?reliable,?but?with?less?bulk?materials.?Loading?agency?programme?is?not?only?the?installation?of?the?claw-rake-wheel?can?also?be?installed,?the?two?can?be?used?interchangeably.?Usually,?the?choice?rake?claw-loaded,?but?considering?loading?width?of?the?problem,?may?choose?to?double?rake?claws,?can?also?be?designed?to?rake?claw-round?interchangeable?with?the?loading?mechanism.?Some?sections?boring?machine?use?of?scraper?chain?conveyor?agencies.?Transportation?agencies?are?generally?undertaken?by?the?tail?to?the?nose?tilted?upward?direction?of?the?layout.?Transportation?agencies?can?be?the?driver,?is?about?to?motor?or?hydraulic?motor?and?reducer?layout?in?the?scraper?conveyor?and?around?the?side?of?the?fuselage,?the?body?in?the?driver?loading?at?the?same?time,?indirectly,?to?transport?bodies?to?take?the?initiative?to?the?tail?shaft?driven?scraper?Transportation?agencies.?This?drive?system?components?in?small,?relatively?simple?bodies,?but?loading?and?transportation?agencies?involved?in?the?two?campaigns,?mutual?influence.?As?the?location?less?space?layout?more?difficult.?Transmission?organizations?to?adopt?an?independent?driver,?is?about?to?motor?or?hydraulic?motor?layout?away?from?the?machine?side,?driven?by?slow?delivery?agencies.?This?mode?of?transmission?drive?layout?simple,?and?filling?the?campaign?Hubuyingxiang.?However,?due?to?transmission?and?more?dynamic?components,?the?point?of?failure?has?increased.?At?present,?the?two?transportation?agencies?are?used,?as?appropriate,?the?design?should?be?identified.?General?loading?and?institutions?often?use?the?same?drive.?Loading?agencies?can?use?motor-driven,?can?also?be?used?hydraulic?motor?drive.?However,?in?consideration?of?the?working?environment?and?wet?with?mud,?optional?hydraulic?motor?drive?for?good.?3)?Run?institutions.?Walking?agencies?tracked?the?general?pattern,?crawler-run?institutions?apply?to?the?floor,to?stop?carrying?motor?oil,?only?to?run?motor?oil?so?that?the?boring?machine?has?two?Walking?speed.? ????3?determination?complete?machine?main?technology?senate?parameter?????Mechanical?Roadheader?complete?machine?main?technical?parameter?including?size?senate?parameter?(length?×width?×highly);?weight?parameter,?parameter?of?movement?and?dynamic?parameter.??? ??3.1?size?parameters? ????Complete?machine?length,?width?of?the?size?directly?related?to?its?turning?radius,?Recommended?light-length?≤?7.5?m,?medium-length?≤?8.5?m,?heavy?machine?≤?l0m,?the?corresponding?width?were?≤?1.6?m,?≤?2.5?m,?≤?3?m.?The?complete?machine?relates?its?tendency,?the?static?stability?highly?directly,?the?adaptation?scope?and?passes?quality,?therefore?lower?better.?The?current?development?trend?of?Chinese?and?foreign?models?is?the?dwarf?models,?medium?and?heavy-high?1.6?~?2?m,?special?light,?light?machine?the?height?of?1.4?~?1.6?m.?Roadheader?to?dig?the?biggest?section?of?roadway,?the?minimum?height?and?width?should?be?designed?to?meet?the?requirements?of?the?mission.?Undercover?depth?of?250?~?400?mm,?ground?clearance?C?=?B/13?+84?(mm),?B?for?the?two?track?distance).?Middle-long?conveyor?entrance?to?the?expected?high?degree?of?the?best?400?mm,?length?of?track?ground?with?the?center?distance?L?B?ratio?for?L?/?B?≤?1.6.???? ?3.2?weight?parameters? ????The?complete?machine?dead?weight?is?the?mechanical?roadheader?-?an?important?parameter,?the?engine?weight?too?is?light,?the?work?stability?drops,?when?swinging?cutting?can?occur?fishtails?the?phenomenon,?the?cutting?efficiency?drops,?truncation?tooth?rate?of?wear?increase;?Heavy-weight,?poor?mobility,?flexibility?to?decline.?The?self-respect?as?it?may?be?w?=?(t)?estimates,?in?the?N-type?body?for?cutting?power,?kW;?V?for?the?cutting?head?on?average?cutting?speed,?m?/?s;?can?also?be?Roadheader?with?reference?to?the?existing?analog?method?to?determine?,?machine-(t)?and?cutting?power?(kW)?ratio?of?0.25?to?0.4.?For?general?coal,?rock?bottom,?the?allowable?value?? ????≤?0.14?MPa;?muddy?for?the?water?to?soften?the?shale?bottom,??????≤?0.05?MPa.? ????3.3?movement?parameters? ??Cutting?the?movement?parameters:?cutting?head?of?the?average?cutting?speed?V:?on?the?one-way?coal?and?rock?compressive?strength?of?σ?c?≤?40?MPa,?V?=?3?~?3.5m?/?s;? ????σ?c?≤?60MPa,?V?=?2?~?2.5m?/?s,?σ?c?>?60MPa.?V?=?l?~?2m?/?s.?But?eventually?cutting? ????speed?by?cutting?technology?to?determine.???? ?3.4?dynamic?parameters? ????Roadheader-driven?power?sources?are?used?Motors.?Cutting?power?body?size.?In?fact?the?general?use?of?analogy,?combined?with?roadheader?some?personality?and? ????experience?factors?to?determine.?Roadheader?in?the?operating?process,?the?vertical?axis?and?the?horizontal?axis-of?the?need?for?adequate?cutting?edge?and?push?forward?swing?(horizontal?and?vertical)?force.?According?to?Russia?(the?former?Soviet?Union)?in?the?laboratory?test?results?that?the?cutting?of?coal?and?rock?platts?hardness?f?=?4?~?6?(equivalent?to?0?C?=?40?~?60MPa),?grinding?coefficient?F?=?5?~?7mg/mm2.?Cutting?the?shaking?force?(traction)?Pv?=?(1?~?1.34)?P,?P?=?M?/?Rcp,?in?the?P-cutting?head?for?the?average?cutting?edge;?Rcp?cutting?head?for?the?average?radius;?M?for?cutting?the?head?of?the?rated?torque.?Cut?the?feeding?of?(axial?thrust)?R;?(1.8?~?2.5)?Pv,?this?force?should?be?no?larger?than?the?floor?slippery?track?at?the?limits?of?traction.? 附錄B 懸臂縱軸式掘進機的總體設計 1概述?? 總體設計是機械產(chǎn)品設計過程中的重要內(nèi)容和主要環(huán)節(jié),它是在方案設計之?后緊接著進行的設計工作。懸臂縱軸式掘進機(以下簡稱掘進機)的總體設計對整機性能的優(yōu)劣起著決定性的作用，并決定了各總成、系統(tǒng)、各部件之間的協(xié)調(diào)性，統(tǒng)一性和匹配關系，從而獲得總體的高端?性能和較好的技術經(jīng)濟效益。掘進機的總體設計，主要包括以下內(nèi)容：1）據(jù)設計任務書選擇機型及各部件結構型式2）定整機的主要技術性能參數(shù)，包括尺寸參數(shù)、重量參數(shù)、運動參數(shù)和技術經(jīng)濟指標3）按照總體設計的性能要求，確定整機系統(tǒng)的組成?及它們之間的匹配性以及各個部件的主要技術參數(shù)4）進行必要的總體計算，并繪制傳動、液壓、電控系統(tǒng)圖等。? 2選定該機型和各個部件及其結構型式、驅動方式、并進行總體的合理布置? ????該項內(nèi)容在確定前，首先應滿足設計任務書的內(nèi)容，特別是用戶提出的主要?要求經(jīng)過調(diào)研，雙方反復交換意見，達到既能滿足用戶(或上級)條件，又能較好?的符合本企業(yè)產(chǎn)品發(fā)展的總體規(guī)劃。???? ?2.1機型的選定? ????根據(jù)掘進機的用途，?是用于煤礦井下巷道的掘進還是用于其他行業(yè)的工程作?業(yè)，掘進機的工作條件是用于截割煤巷還是半煤巖巷，煤巖的單向抗壓強度(或?普氏系數(shù)?f?值)及巖石的磨蝕系數(shù)。同時應對照行標?MT138~1995《懸臂式掘進機?的型式與參數(shù)》?，按其截割煤巖的最大單向抗壓強度，選定機型的類別。??? ?2.?2各部件結構型式、驅動方式的確定? ????掘進機一般由截割機構、裝運機構、行走機構、液壓系統(tǒng)、電控系統(tǒng)及輔助?裝置(如除塵裝置、安全裝置、遙控?監(jiān)測裝置)等組成。 ?a．截割機構。截割機構的驅動方式由交流電動機驅動，在傳動系統(tǒng)中一般?設齒形聯(lián)軸節(jié)，不設機械式過載保護裝置，經(jīng)兩級行星減速器帶動主軸前端的截?割頭。?部分斷面掘進機的工作機構有截鏈式、圓盤銑削式和懸臂截割式等。因懸臂?截割式掘進機機體靈活、體積較小，可截出各種形狀和斷面的巷道，并能實現(xiàn)選?擇性截割，而且截割效果好，掘進速度較高；所以，現(xiàn)在主要采用懸臂截割式，?并已成為當前掘進機工作機構的一種基本型式。? ????按截割頭的布置方式，分為縱軸和橫軸式兩種。?縱軸式截割頭的優(yōu)點是：傳動方便、結構緊湊，能截出任意形狀的斷面，易?于獲得較為平整的斷面，有利于采用內(nèi)伸縮懸臂，可挖柱窩或水溝。截割頭的形?狀有圓柱形、圓錐形和圓錐加圓柱形，由于后兩種截割頭利于鉆進，并使截割表?面較平整，故使用較多。這種工作機構的缺點是：由于縱軸式截割頭在橫向擺動?截割時的反作用力不通過機器中心，與懸臂形成的力矩使掘進機產(chǎn)生較大的振?動，?故穩(wěn)定性較差。?因此，?在煤巷掘進時，?需加大機身重量或裝設輔助支撐裝置。?目前，這種掘進機在部分斷面掘進機中使用較多。 ?b．裝運機構。它一般由裝載機構和中間輸送機組成。它們可采用分別驅動?或集中聯(lián)動方式，既可用交流電動機驅動，也可用液壓馬達驅動。?耙爪式是利用一對交替動作的耙爪來不斷地耙取物料并裝入轉載運輸機構。?這種方式結構簡單、工作可靠、外形尺寸小、裝載效果好，目前應用很普遍。但?這種裝載機構寬度受限制（因為掘進機工作時履帶行走機構一般不調(diào)動）?。為擴?大裝載寬度，可使鏟板連同整個耙爪機構一起水平擺動，或設計成雙耙爪機構，?以擴大裝載范圍。?星輪式機構比耙爪式簡單、強度高、工作可靠，但裝大塊物料的能力較差。?裝載機構方案是既能裝設耙爪式也可裝設星輪式，?兩者可以互換使用。?通常，?應選擇耙爪式裝載機構，但考慮裝載寬度問題，可選擇雙耙爪機構，也可設計成?耙爪與星輪可互換的裝載機構。部分斷面掘進機多采用刮板鏈式輸送機構。輸送?機構一般是由機尾向機頭方向傾斜向上布置的。輸送機構可采用聯(lián)合驅動方式，?即將電動機或液壓馬達和減速器布置在刮板輸送機靠近機身一側，?在驅動裝載機?構同時，間接地以輸送機構機尾為主動軸帶動刮板輸送機構工作。這樣傳動系統(tǒng)?中元件少、機構比較簡單，但裝載與輸送機構二者運動相牽連，相互影響大。由?于該位置空間較小布置較困難。?輸送機構采用獨立的驅動方式，?即將電動機或液壓馬達布置在遠離機器的一?端，通過減速裝置驅動輸送機構。這種驅動方式的傳動系統(tǒng)布置簡單，和裝載機?構的運動互不影響。但由于傳動裝置和動力元件較多，故障點有所增加。?目前，這兩種輸送機構均有采用，設計時應酌情確定。一般常采用與裝載機?構相同的驅動方式。?裝載機構可以采用電動機驅動，?也可用液壓馬達驅動。?但考慮工作環(huán)境潮濕、?有泥水，選用液壓馬達驅動為好。 ?c．行走機構。行走機構一般采用履帶型式，履帶式行走機構適用于底板不?平或松軟的條件，不需修路鋪軌。具有牽引能力大，機動性能好、工作可靠、調(diào)?動靈活和對底板適應性好等優(yōu)點。但其結構復雜、零部件磨損較嚴重。目前部分???斷面掘進機通常采用履帶式行走機構。兩條履帶分別由各自的動力來驅動，可實?現(xiàn)原地轉向。履帶的驅動動力有電動機和液壓馬達兩種，電動機驅動一般只設置?一種行走速度，液壓馬達驅動可采用低速大扭矩馬達直接帶動履帶鏈輪，或采用?中速液壓馬達減速器帶動履帶鏈輪的傳動方式，它可實現(xiàn)無極調(diào)速。?履帶結構型式有滑動和滾動兩種，當機器調(diào)動速度≤10m/min?的中、輕型掘?進機，宜采用滑動結構型式；當機器的調(diào)動速度>10m/min?的重型、特重型掘進?機，應采用滾動結構型式。? d．液壓系統(tǒng)。液壓系統(tǒng)多采用開式系統(tǒng)多路閥集中控制(直接操縱或遙控操?縱)方式。以往國內(nèi)外多采用齒輪泵，近年來掘進機液壓系統(tǒng)采用柱塞泵有增多?的趨勢。?e．電控系統(tǒng)。電控系統(tǒng)包括動力部分、控制部分和檢測部分。電控系統(tǒng)必?須按照煤礦井下防爆要求設計、制造、檢驗，必須符合?GB3836-2000?標準中的?有關規(guī)定和要求。為了提高掘進機在作業(yè)時的安全性，操作的靈活性?以及機械?傳動部分的故障診斷及監(jiān)控功能，從實用角度考慮，裝設必要的離機遙控裝置、?測控壓力、溫度、液位及關鍵部位的故障診斷裝置。? ?3總體布置? ????總體布置的內(nèi)容包括以下幾個方面：1）確定各部件在整機說的位置，并對外形尺寸提出要求；?2）確定各部件、部件與整機之間的連接方式；3）估算整機重量，并對各部件的重量提出要求；?4）布置各操縱機構、司機座位等；?5）審核個運動部件的運動空間，排除可能發(fā)生的運動干涉。??? ????在掘進機總體布置時，需注意以下問題：?（1）工作機構減速器減速器的進、出軸盡量同軸線；?（2）懸臂和鏟板的尺寸關系相適應，既有利于裝載，又要避免截割頭截割?鏟板；?（3）懸臂的水平和垂直擺動中心的位置可以重合，也可以不重合。從增加?機器的穩(wěn)定性看，擺動這些都高度應盡量降低。在保證懸臂不與其他機構干涉的?條件下，?擺動中心的位置應盡量靠后，?但必須保證中心在機器的縱向對稱平面內(nèi)；?（4）當各主要部件設計出來之后。應進行校核，不滿足需求時需僅需調(diào)整，?使重心位于履帶中心稍偏前且小于?L/6（L?為履帶接地長度）?。此外，還需求重心?位置在截割機構回轉臺中心線之后，而且重心高度越低越好，以提高機器作業(yè)時?的穩(wěn)定性。?（5）總體布置應考慮左右兩側重量對稱并照顧工作習慣及方便操作。司機?座一般設在機身左側、且位于機身后部，座椅高度應保證司機的視線，使其哪個?很好地操縱機器，截割出規(guī)則的巷道；?（6）操縱臺位置要適當，應保證司機操縱方便、省力。儀表顯示裝置的位?置要便于司機觀察，又不分散司機正常操作的注意力。? 3.1傳動型式及動力元件的選擇? ????a．傳動型式及元件選擇應遵循的原則?（1）技術先進性：能夠改善機器性能，提高生產(chǎn)率；?（2）經(jīng)濟合理性：傳動系統(tǒng)盡量簡單、元件少，易加工，價格低，維修容?易，使用壽命長；?（3）工作可靠性:傳動系統(tǒng)的可靠性表現(xiàn)為元件使用壽命，因此也是對元件?質量的要求；?（4）適應性：元件應適應傳動系統(tǒng)的載荷、工況及環(huán)境等條件的要求。 ?b．各機構對傳動系統(tǒng)的要求及傳動型式的選擇?掘進機的截割、裝載、運輸、行走等機構一般均為分別傳動，各部件受力狀?態(tài)及工作條件不同，因而傳動型式有不同的要求。?（1）工作機構要求有較大的短時過載能力，而油馬達對沖擊負荷很敏感，?過載負荷能力低，影響截割頭正常連續(xù)運轉。所以，掘進機的工作機構宜采用電?動機為動力的機械傳動型式。應利用體積小、功率大、過負荷能力強的專用電動?機，并配備可靠的電氣保護裝置。根據(jù)工作機構結構緊湊的特點，通常工作機構?的減速器設在懸臂內(nèi)，成為懸臂的組成部分。截割頭調(diào)速方式一般采用配換掛輪?的方法，變速機構力求簡單。?（2）耙裝機構傳動裝置的特點是：減速器需裝在尺寸有限的鏟板下部，因?而設計空間較小，?工作條件惡劣。?減速器經(jīng)常浸泡在煤巖泥水中，?卡料時易過載。?耙裝、輸送機構若采用機械傳動，用于電動機尺寸較大，不便在輸送機尾安?裝，一般是在鏟板上部兩側安裝兩臺電動機，作為耙裝、輸送機構的共同動力，?這樣勢必使減速箱的尺寸增大，在鏟板下布置較緊張。此外，考慮耙爪及鏈板卡?鏈過載情況，?為保護電動機不至燒毀，?一般需要在減速器內(nèi)設安全摩擦片離合器。?耙裝、輸送機構若采用齒輪油馬達傳動，由于尺寸小、重量輕，可使二者分?別傳動，從而簡化傳動裝置，便于在鏟板下布置，便于設計密封效果好的機械密?封或將減速器與鏟板分離，同時可實現(xiàn)過載自動保護。?（3）履帶行走機構的驅動方式有電動機和油馬達驅動兩種方式。分別通過?機械減速裝置或直接由油馬達帶動履帶的主動鏈輪運轉。?機械傳動的履帶行走機構，一般是將電動機裝于兩條履帶減速器后部，制動?方式采用機械液壓制動方式。這種傳動方式傳動可靠性高，電動機價格低，維修?容易，但不能調(diào)速，減速箱體積較大，巷道淋水大時，電動機易受潮而燒毀。?履帶行走機構采用液壓傳動型式，系統(tǒng)簡單、性能較好、技術先進。液壓傳?動的行走機構中，在液壓馬達型式選擇及調(diào)速方式設計方面，有不同的方案。?采用低速大扭矩馬達驅動，其特點是系統(tǒng)簡單，尺寸小、重量輕，能夠實現(xiàn)?無級調(diào)速及過載自動保護。但液壓馬達傳動復雜、制造費用高，維護較難。?采用齒輪油馬達,容積效率高，耐沖擊性能好，維修容易，造價較低，一臺?10KW?左右齒輪油馬達的價格只有同功率徑向柱塞馬達的?1/10；尺寸小、重量輕。?一臺?10KW?左右齒輪油馬達的重量，僅為同功率低速大扭矩馬達的?1/18，為電動?機重量的?1/13。采用齒輪油馬達后，減速器尺寸雖然較低速大扭矩馬達的大，?但較電動式的小（MRH-S50-13?型機的減速器傳動比?i=328）?。因此可方便地將馬?達、減速器、液壓制動閥、緊鏈裝置等安裝于履帶架中間。這種方式在技術性能?上優(yōu)于機械傳動，?在經(jīng)濟指標上優(yōu)于低速大扭矩馬達傳動。?因此具有獨特的優(yōu)點。?行走機構的調(diào)速方式有兩種，一種是采用變量泵。另一種是采用分流或并流?的調(diào)速方案，如?MRH-S50-13?型機，即在機器快速調(diào)動時，停止向裝載馬達供油，?僅向行走馬達供油，使掘進機有兩種行走速度。? 3.2確定整機主要技術參數(shù)? ????掘進機整機主要技術參數(shù)包括尺寸參數(shù)?(長×寬×高)、重量參數(shù)、運動參?數(shù)和動力參數(shù)。??? ??1）尺寸參數(shù)? ????整機長度、寬度的大小直接與其轉彎半徑有關，推薦輕型機長度≤7．5m，?中型機長度≤8．5m，重型機≤l0m，對應的寬度分別為≤1.6m，≤2.5m，≤3m。?整機的高度直接關系到它的動、靜態(tài)穩(wěn)定性，適應范圍和通過性的好壞，因?此越低越好。當今中外機型發(fā)展趨勢是矮機型，中、重型機高度?1.6～2m，特輕?型、輕型機的高度?1.4～1.6m。掘進機可掘巷道斷面的最大、最小高度和寬度應?滿足設計任務書的要求。臥底深度?250~400mm,離地間隙?C=B/13+84(mm)，B?為兩?履帶中心距)。中間輸送機龍門口過料高度最好為?400mm，履帶接地長度?L?與其?中心距?B?之比應為?L/B≤1.6。????? 2）重量參數(shù)? ????整機自重是掘進機的—個重要參數(shù)，機重太輕，工作穩(wěn)定性下降，擺動截割?時會發(fā)生擺尾現(xiàn)象、截割效率下降，截齒磨耗率增加；機重太重時，機動性差，?轉向靈活性下降?！闼淖灾乜砂?w=(t)估算，式中?N?為截割機構功率，kW；?V?為截割頭平均截割速度，m/s；也可參照現(xiàn)有掘進機用類比法來確定，機重(t)?與截割功率?（kW）?之比為?0．?25～0．?對于一般煤、?4。?巖底板，?許用值?????≤0.14MPa；?對于水軟化的泥質頁巖底板，?????≤0．05MPa。????? 3）運動參數(shù)? 截割機構的運動參數(shù)：截割頭的平均截割速度?V：對煤巖的單向抗壓強度?σ?c?≤?40MPaV=3~3.5m/s；?σ?c?≤?60MPaV=2~2．5m/s，?σ?c?>60MPa．V=l~2m/s。?但最終切割速度由切割技術來確定。????? 4）動力參數(shù)? ????掘進機驅動的動力源都采用交流電動機。截割機構功率大小。實際上一般采?用類比法，再結合掘進機一些個性因素及經(jīng)驗來確定。?掘進機在作業(yè)過程中，縱軸式和橫軸式部需要足夠的掏槽推進力和擺動(水?平方向和垂直方向)力。?根據(jù)俄羅斯(原蘇聯(lián))在實驗室的試驗結果得知，截割煤巖的普氏硬度?f=4~6(相當于?0?C=40~60MPa)，研磨系數(shù)?F=5~7mg／mm2。截割時的擺動力?(牽?引力)Pv=(1～1．34)P，P=M／Rcp，式中?P?為截割頭上的平均截割力；Rcp?為截?割頭平均半徑；?為截割頭上的額定扭矩。?M?掏槽時的進給力(軸向推力)R；?(1.8～?2.5)Pv，此力不得大于履帶對底板打滑時的極限牽引力。? 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