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英語：Unit 1Friendship 學案（新人教版必修1） 核心單詞 1. add vt.& vi. 增加；加；加起來；補充說； 又說 常用結構： add to增添；增加；增進 add ...to ...把……增添到…… add up合計，相加 add up to總數為；總計為 He added some wood to increase the fire. 他添了一些木柴，使火更旺些。 If you add 4 to 3 you get 7.四加三得七。 Unit 1 Friendship I should like to add that we are pleased with the test result. 我還要補充一下,我們對測試結果很滿意。 I don’t want to add to your troubles. 我不想給你添麻煩。 He wrote down the weight of each stone and then added up all the weights. 他把每一塊石頭的重量記下來，然后把所有的重量加在一起。 The figures add up to 137. 這些數目加起來總和是137。 高手過招 單項填空 ①That’s all I have to say. Is there anything you’d like to , John? A. talk B. require C. add D. deliver ②That is the very coin I need to my collection. （2010陜西西安一中檢測） A. add up B. add in C. add on D. add to ①解析：選C。考查動詞辨析。句意為：我要說的就是這些， 約翰你還有什么要補充的嗎？ ②解析：選D。add to的意思是“添加到”。 2. upset adj. 心煩意亂的；不安的；不適的 vt. ( upset, upset) 使不安；使心煩；打翻；打亂 聯想拓展 be upset by...被…… 打亂 upset oneself about sth.為某事煩惱 Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit. 她一來把我們周末的安排給打亂了。 Don’t upset yourself — no harm has been done. 不要難過——并沒有造成任何傷害。 He was horribly upset over her illness. 他為她的病而憂心忡忡。 The students really upset her. 學生們著實讓她煩惱。 高手過招 用upset的適當形式填空（原創(chuàng)） ①The food my stomach. ②She felt rather on hearing the news. ③Is it an message? ④Don’t be . It will be OK. ①upset ②upset ③upsetting ④upset 3. ignore vt. 不理睬；忽視 I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely. 我向她打招呼，可是她根本不理我。 He ignored the speed limit and drove very fast. 他不顧時速限制，把車開得飛快。 聯想拓展 ignorant adj. (對某事物）不了解的；無知的；無學識的 be ignorant of/about sth.不知道；沒有意識到 ignorance n.無知；愚昧；不知道 be in ignorance of/about sth. 不知道某事 易混辨析 ignore/neglect/overlook ignore 通常指有意不顧，或不理會顯而易見的事物。 neglect 側重指有意的忽略或忽視，也可指粗心與疏忽。 overlook指因匆忙而疏忽或視而不見。 高手過招 （1）用ignore/neglect/overlook的適當形式填空 （原創(chuàng)） ①We could not afford to such a serious offence. ②He utterly my warnings and met with an accident. ③Don’t to pay him a visit now and then. (1)①overlook ②ignored ③neglect （2）單項填空 —So you didn’t say hello to him last night? —Well, I stopped and smiled when I saw him, but he me and walked on. （2010杭州一模） A. Ignored B. refused C. denied D. missed (2)解析：選A。答句句意為：我看到他就停下來沖他微笑，但是 他沒理我就走了。ignore不理睬，忽視；refuse拒絕；deny否認， 拒絕給予；miss懷念，錯過。 4. concern n. ［U］關心，擔心，擔憂；［C］有利害關系的事 vt. 涉及，關系到，參與；使擔心 聯想拓展 concerning prep. 關于 concerned adj.有關的；擔心的 concern sb.與某人有關 be concerned with sth.牽涉，與……有關；參與 concern oneself with 關心 be concerned about/for/over sth.擔心；關心某事 as/so far as ... be concerned關于；至于；就……而言 As far as I am concerned, you can go wherever you want. 就我而言，你什么時候走都行。 We read stories concerning visitors from outer space. 我們讀了關于天外來客的故事。 I was very concerned about my mother’s illness. 我很擔心母親的病情。 高手過招 （1）單項填空 The meeting was concerned reforms and everyone present was concerned their own interests. （2010福建廈門雙十中學檢測） A. with; for B. for; which C. for; about D. about; with （2）用concern的適當形式填空（原創(chuàng)） ①There is an article that the rise of the prices. ②The children are rather about their mother’s health. ③Officials should themselves public affairs. (1)解析：選A。句意為：這次會議牽涉到改革，在場的每個人都很擔心自己的利益。be concerned with 牽涉到,和……有關；be concerned for/about 擔心；關心。 (2)①concerns ②concerned ③concern；with 5. settle vi. 安家；定居；停留 vt. 使定居；安排；解決 Both wanted to settle their scores.雙方都愿意盡棄前嫌。 常用結構： settle down 鎮(zhèn)定下來 settle in 在……定居 He settled his child in a corner of the compartment. 他把孩子安頓在車廂的一個角落里。 The family has settled in Canada. 這家人已定居加拿大。 高手過招 單項填空 ①—Do you know anyone in Paris? —No. I’ll make friends once .（2010福建廈門六中檢測） A. I’m settled B. I have settled C. I’ll be settled D. I’m settling ②The brake of your bicycle has come loose. You’d better it .（2010陜西西安交大附中） A. settle B. fix C. pick D. correct ①解析：選A。settle作“安家”講時，既可用settle，也可用be settled。本題是由once(一旦)引起的時間狀語從句，故用一般現在時表將來。 ②解析：選B。由句意可知，因為自行車的車閘壞了，因此要“修理”。 6. suffer vt. 遭受；忍受；蒙受 vi.后接from/for意為“受……之苦”，“患……疾病” 常用結構： suffer an attack/a defeat/losses/pains 遭受打擊/失敗/損失/痛苦 He suffered hard pains from the accident. 他忍受著事故帶來的痛苦。 Do you suffer from headaches? 你經常頭痛嗎? She’s suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遺忘癥。 聯想拓展 sufferer n. 受苦者，受難者 suffering n.痛苦，苦難 高手過招 （1）單項填空 In the countryside there are many dropouts (輟學者). I think the difficulty the poor economic conditions.（2010浙江嘉興一輪檢測） A. lies in B. result in C. leads to D. suffers from （2）翻譯句子 我們在金融危機中損失慘重。 (1)解析：選A?？疾槎陶Z辨析。lie in在這里相當于because of。 (2)We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis. 重點短語 7. go through 經歷；經受；檢查；瀏覽；用完；做完 The country has gone through too many wars. 這個國家經歷了太多的戰(zhàn)爭。 She’s gone through a bad patch recently. 她最近經歷了一段困難時期。 Have you gone through all your money already? 你把所有的錢都花完了嗎？ I went through the students’ papers last night. 昨晚我仔細閱讀了學生的試卷。 聯想拓展 go after追求；追趕 go ahead 前進；請說（做）吧 go by走過；（時間）過去 go along with向前；（與......)一起去 go in for愛好；從事 go out 外出；（燈，火）熄滅 go over 越過；復習 go through with 做完；完成 go up 爬上；（價格等）上升 高手過招 單項填空 ①We’d better try to with the experiment, I think. Now let’s with it.（2010河南許昌一模） A. go through; go on B. go on; go over C. go over; go through D. go on; go through ②If a person has taken too much medicine by mistake, you should make the person .（2010平頂山一中月考） A. go up B. rise up C. throw up D. set up ①解析：選A。go through with sth.意思是“做完，完成”；go on with 意思是“繼續(xù)”。 ②解析：選C。throw up的意思是“嘔吐；吐出”。 8. get sth.done 讓別人做某事/使得某事被做 done是過去分詞作賓語補足語，與have sth. done句型的用法一樣。 get sb./sth. doing使某人/某事物……起來 get sb. to do sth.使/讓某人做某事 get done （狀態(tài)的改變）get作系動詞，相當于be get away逃脫；離開 get back回來；取回 get by維持生活；通過 get down to sth./doing sth.開始認真做某事 get in進站；到達；收集 get off下來；下車 get on上車；進展；進步 get cross(對……)生氣，發(fā)脾氣 get in one’s way擋路，妨礙 get used to doing sth.習慣做某事 get involved in涉及 get in touch with和……取得聯系 get it了解，懂得，明白 高手過招 （1）單項填空 The final examination is coming up soon. It’s time for us to our studies. （2010河南焦作一中月考） A. get down to B. get out C. get back for D. get over （2）完成句子（原創(chuàng)） ①講解后，老師讓我們思考起問題來。 Shortly after the explanation the teacher got us . ②我們將很快為你訂制一套新衣服。 We will get a new suit for you. ③她試圖使他說話。 She tried to get him . (1)解析：選A。該題根據交際情景考查短語動詞的用法。根據題意，此處指開始認真學習，故選A。get down to開始認真考慮，符合題意。get out出去，離開，逃脫，泄露；get back for回來，恢復；get over爬過；克服，熬過；恢復，原諒。故B、C、D三項均不符合題意。 (2)①thinking ②made ③to talk 9. set down 放下；記下；登記 Passengers may be set down and picked up only at the official stops.乘客只有在正式車站方可上下車。 聯想拓展 set about (doing sth.) 著手（做某事） set out (to do sth.)開始，著手(做某事) set aside留出；不顧 set back（把鐘等）往回撥；推遲 set free釋放；解放 set off動身，出發(fā)（去某地）；使爆炸 set out動身，出發(fā)；安排，組織 set up開辦；建立；設立 set an example to樹立榜樣 set fire to ...= set ... on fire縱火燒 be set in以……為背景 The bad weather set back the building programme by several weeks. 由于天氣惡劣，建筑計劃延誤了好幾個星期。 We need to set about finding a solution. 我們得著手尋找一個解決辦法。 溫馨提示 set about 和set out都可作“開始/著手做某事”講，但set about 后加doing sth.， 而set out后加 to do sth.。 高手過招 單項填空 As soon as he got to the office, he the students’ papers. （2010山東濟南一中月考） A. got down to correct B. got down to correcting C. set down to correcting D. sit down to correcting 解析：選B。get down to意思是“著手做某事”，其中to是介詞， 后跟名詞或動名詞。 10. on purpose 故意 The boy broke Jack’s window on purpose. He wanted to frighten Jack. 那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的，他想嚇一下杰克。 聯想拓展 purpose n. 目的，用途；目標；重要意義 for the purpose of 為了…… to little/no purpose 作用不大/徒勞 The purpose of the book is to provide a complete guide to the university. 這本書的目的是全面介紹這所大學。 高手過招 用purpose的適當形式或短語填空 （原創(chuàng)） ①He didn’t do it . ②What was your ? ①on purpose ②purpose 11. join in 參加；加入 They didn’t have enough time to join in the activity. 他們沒有足夠的時間來參加這個活動。 聯想拓展 join sb. in sth.與某人一起做某事 join up入伍；參軍 join up with sb.與某人聯合；會合 join hands with sb.與某人拉起手來；合伙；聯合 Will you join me in a walk? 你愿意和我一起散步嗎？ Let us join hands in friendship. 讓我們攜手共建友誼吧。 易混辨析 join in/join/take part in/attend join in 參加正在進行著的活動。如游戲、討論、辯論、談話等。 join ①參加某組織或團體，并成為其中一員;②來和某人待在一起。 take part in 參加會議或有組織的群眾性活動，并在其中發(fā)揮一定的作用。 attend 正式用語，指參加會議、儀式、婚禮、葬禮、上課、上學、聽報告等，句子的主語是去聽去看，自己不一定起積極作用，相當于be present。 高手過招 用join/join in/take part in/attend的適當形式填空（原創(chuàng)） ①I decided to the club to have dance training. ②Would you like me to the game? ③I a meeting last month. ④I will have to his funeral next week. ①join ②join in ③took part in/attended ④attend 重點句型 12. ...but your friend can’t go until he/she finishes cleaning his/her bicycle. ……但是你的朋友不把自行車弄干凈不能走。 not ... until 意為“直到……才”，表示主句謂語的動作直到until狀語的時間才發(fā)生，主句的謂語動詞表示的是動作的開始。until引導從句時，如果主句中的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動作，則主句用肯定式；如果主句中的謂語動詞是短暫性動詞，則用否定形式。 “It is/was not until+被強調的部分+that ...”相當于“Not until ... did (does, do, is ...)+主語 ...”意為“直到……才”，是強調形式。 You must stay in bed until your temperature is normal. 體溫正常后，你才能起床。 He didn’t leave until the meeting was over. 直到會議結束他才離開。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star. =Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a film star. =I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses. 直到她摘下墨鏡我才認出她是一位電影明星。 高手過招 單項填空 ①Not until , settle the problem. （2010濰坊一輪驗收） A. he returns; can we B. he returns; we can C. does he returns; we can D. does he return; we can ②It was back home after the experiment. A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn’t go C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn’t go ①解析：選A。當not until位于句首時句子需倒裝。句意為：直到他回來我們才能解決這個問題。 ②解析：選C。強調句型It is/was ...that對not until ...進行強調時，需把not until ...放到強調結構中，故選C。 13. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. 遛狗的時候，你太大意了，一松手，狗就被車撞了。 while walking the dog是連詞while加現在分詞短語結構，強調分詞的動作正在發(fā)生，相當于while you were walking the dog。 在時間、條件、讓步、方式等狀語從句中，如果從句的主語與主句的主語一致，謂語含有系動詞be，可以省略從句的主語和系動詞be。 When crossing the street, you should be careful. 過馬路時，你應當小心。 If heated, water can be turned into vapour. 如果受熱，水會變成蒸氣。 溫馨提示 在狀語從句中，如果從句的主語為it時，也可以將it和助動詞be省略。 Whenever possible they would stop him and ask the three questions.可能的話，他們就讓他停下問他這三個問題。 高手過招 單項填空 ① with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. （2010山東萊州檢測） A. Compares B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared ② the two systems, little man found the latter advantageous.(原創(chuàng)) A. Compare B. When compared C. Compared D. When comparing ①解析：選D?？疾闋钫Z從句的省略用法。在狀語從句中，如果從句的主語與主句的主語相同或者主語為it時，可以將從句中的主語或者it和助動詞be省略。本句是將狀語從句“When it is compared with the size of the whole earth”中的it is省略，因此正確答案為D。 ②解析：選D?？键c省略。在狀語從句中，當從句中的主語與主句的主語一致，且從句中含有be動詞時，通常采用省略形式。句中的little man與compare之間存在邏輯上的主謂關系，故選D。 14. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我不知道這是不是因為我長久無法出門的緣故，我變得對一切與大自然有關的事物都無比狂熱。 此句中的it’s ...that是強調句型。關于強調句型，我們需要掌握以下幾點： （1）強調句型的基本結構： “It is/was+被強調的成分+that/who+其他成分”用來強調主語、賓語和狀語等成分。that只起連接作用，不作成分，但不能省略。當被強調部分為sb.作賓語時，可用who,也可用that,其他情況一律用that。強調主語時，that后的謂語動詞必須與被強調的主語在人稱與數上保持一致。 （2）特殊句式中的強調句型： ①如果強調的是特殊疑問句中的疑問詞，表示“到底”、“究竟”等語氣時，就用如下結構： “特殊疑問詞+is/was+it+that/who+該句的其余部分”，that/who后只能使用陳述語序。 ②在“not ...until”結構中，由until所引導的短語（或從句）作時間狀語時，要用固定的強調句型：“It+is/was+not until ...+that+該句的其余部分”，that所引導的從句中的謂語動詞用肯定式。 （3）強調句型要注意和it代表時間、距離、溫度、自然現象、具體事物或人物等時所構成的各種句型的區(qū)別。判斷是否是強調句，可采用“還原法”。如果還原為一般句式后，句子各種成分完整，則是強調句，否則不是。 It was three o’clock when I got home. 我到家的時候三點。 It was at three o’clock that I got home. 三點鐘我到的家。 It was in his town that he was brought up. 他是在鎮(zhèn)上被養(yǎng)大的。（強調句） It was this town where/in which he was brought up. 這是他被撫養(yǎng)長大的城鎮(zhèn)。（定語從句） （4）英語中常用助動詞do, does或did強調謂語。 He did go to the airport yesterday, but he didn’t find you. 他昨天確實去了機場，但他沒有找到你。 It is I that/who am going for a holiday with Mary. 是我跟瑪麗一塊兒去度假。 When is it that we will have a meeting? 我們什么時候開會？ 高手過招 單項填空 It is in that poor village, Mary lived and worked 15 years ago, she will build her first school, which inspires everyone to help her.（原創(chuàng)） A. where; when B. that; that C. that; when D. where; that 解析：選D。句意為：就是在那個她生活和工作了15年的貧窮的村莊，瑪麗將要建起她的第一座學校，這一點鼓舞了人們來幫她。第一空為where引導的非限制性定語從句，第二空填that,構成強調句型，強調地點狀語。 15. I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do ... 我不愿像大多數人那樣在日記中記流水賬…… as引導的從句為比較狀語從句，意為“像大多數人那么做”。 as 用作連詞，可引導下列狀語從句： ①引導時間狀語從句，強調主句謂語與從句謂語的同時性； ②引導讓步狀語從句，表示“盡管，雖然，即使”（從句需倒裝）； ③引導方式狀語從句，表示“以……方式”； ④引導原因狀語從句 (=since; because)，意為“由于，因為”； ⑤引導比較狀語從句。 As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening. 隨著他年紀越來越大，他失去了對所有事物的興趣，除了園藝。 Cold as it is, my brother wears only a shirt. 盡管天氣冷，我哥哥只穿了一件襯衫。 Why didnt you take the medicine as I told you to? 為什么你沒有按我說的來服這種藥？ As you were not there, I left a message. 因為當時你不在那，所以我給你留了便條。 She is as tall as you. 她和你一樣高。 高手過招 單項填空 ① as he is, he speaks English well. （2010山西太原一中月考） A. Little child B. A little child C. The little child D. Child little ②In some countries, are called “public schools” are not owned by the public.（201011江西新余一中質量檢測） A. which B. as C. what D. that ①解析：選B。 在讓步狀語從句中，作表語的名詞如果提前，該名詞常省去冠詞，但若名詞前有修飾語時，就不省略冠詞。 ②解析：選C?？疾閣hat引導的主語從句。what在主語從句中作主語。句意為：在許多國家，所謂的公立學校并非公眾擁有。 16. ...it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face ... ……這是我一年半以來第一次目睹夜晚…… 如果前面是“it (will be)is/this (will be)is/that (will be)is+the first/second time that ...”句式，表示“某人第幾次做某事”。其中,that引導的是定語從句，后面句子的時態(tài)用現在完成時；如果前面是it (would be)was ..., 后面則用過去完成時。 It is the first time that I have come to Zhuhai. 這是我第一次來珠海。 It was the second time that she had visited London. 那是她第二次游覽倫敦。 溫馨提示 如果time前有l(wèi)ast修飾，此時我們一般不用完成時態(tài)。 注意：the first time可起從屬連詞的作用，引導時間狀語從句；for the first time意為“第一次”單獨用作狀語。 This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson. 這是我最后一次給你們上課了。 高手過招 (1)單項填空 ①Its the third time late this week. （原創(chuàng)） A. that you are B. you are C. when you arrived D. that you have been ②It was for the first time that he to the party. A. Invited B. had been invited C. has been invited D. was invited (2)翻譯句子（原創(chuàng)） This will be the second time that I have been to the Great Wall. （1）①解析：選D。“It is the +序數詞+time+ that從句”為固定句型，從句謂語動詞必須用現在完成時。 ②解析：選D。it was ...that是強調結構，句中強調狀語“for the first time”故選D。 （2） 這將會是我第二次去長城。